
EFFERSON COUNTY 
IN THE WORLD WAR 





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Book ^li:l_ 

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JEFFERSON COUNTY 
IN THE WORLD WAR 

An Historical and Sociological Study 
of One Indiana County 
During the IVar ^Period 

igij-igiS 

BY 

GEORGE S. COTTMAN 




WRITTEN FOR 

THE INDIANA HISTORICAI^ COMMISSION 

under authority of the 

jefferson county council of defense 

published by 
The Jefferson County Historical Society 

madison, indiana 
1920 



.ITJ4 



DEDICATION 

TO those patriotic people of JeflFerson Count}^ 
Men, Women and Children, who, when the call 
came, gave themselves freely to their country's 
cause, on the field, in camp or at home, this 
book is offered as a modest memorial of their 
services. All of these "did their bit" in the 
fight to save Democracy. 



1> 



CONTENTS 

I The First Patriotic Outbreak . . . .3 

MIUTARY ACTIVITIES : 

II Organization. Militar\' Beginnings. Company I . 7 

III Battery E n 

IV Company K. Liberty Guards. Hanover S. A. T. C. 15 
V Work of the Draft Board 19 

CIVILIAN ACTIVITIES: 

VI The Council of Defense : Food Production and 
Conservation; Woman's Section C. D.; Food and 

Fuel Administrations ..... 24 

VII Raising Money for the War: The Government; 

Auxiliary Agencies ...... 37 

VIII Red Cross War Work . . . . 53 

IX Red Cross Workers 58 

X Business Effects ...... 62 

XI Additional Matter 66 



XII Soldiers' Letters: Letters From Camp; From 

Overseas ........ 75 



MILITARY ROLL OF HONOR: 

The Gold Star List; Company I; General Roster; 
Company K; Liberty Guards . . . . 107 



PRELIMINARY NOTE— In preparing this history of 
Jefferson county in the World War the first consideration of 
the Historical Commission and of the author has been to pre- 
serve in some permanent form as detailed and intimate a re- 
cord as possible of this community's part in the great con- 
flict. If to any reader there may seem to be many inconse- 
quential particulars in the narrative he should bear in mind 
that, from their personal character, all those particulars are 
of interest to one or another, and that a generation hence they 
will have a value that can scarcely be appreciated now. In 
gathering the data there have been many handicaps. Records 
had not been preserved, and but for the accommodations kind- 
ly extended by the two Madison newspapers, the Courier and 
Herald, the work could hardly have been done. As it is there 
will inevitably be mistakes and omissions, but the author has 
done his best in the attempt at completeness and accuracy. 

The Jefferson County Historical Society has co-operated 
to the extent of publishing the history, thus making available 
to the general reader what otherwise would lie in the State 
archives along with the data from other counties. Owing to 
lack of funds and the high cost of printing, the work could be 
done but in modest form, and is made possible by first pub- 
lishing the imatter in the columns of The Courier, the type 
there used to be loaned for makiner ur) into bonk form 



Jefferson County in the World War 



INTRODUCTORY 

The history of the American community as participating 
in the World War from the sixth day of April, 1917, to the 
eleventh of November 1918, is something unique in American 
experience. Other wars there have been, with their appeals 
to patriotism, with their stirring of the nation in every fibre, 
with their talk of a free democracy, jealous for its principles ; 
but never before were those tests so searching and drastic. 

This World War, suddenly fastening on civilization with 
fang and claw like a tiger leaping, unexpected, from the 
dark of the jungle, meant things undreamed of in our own 
great war of half a century ago. The devilish art of destruc- 
tion had developed and broadened and reached out until from 
the old idea of armed men contending on the battlefield, all 
the civilian forces of the nation were involved as well. It was 
in a new and larger sense nation against nation, soldier 
against soldier, civilian against civilian; grandsires, women 
and youth, to the very children, all bending their efforts by 
manifold methods to "help win the war." The added produc- 
tion of food stuffs, the knitting of garments for the men at 
the front, thrift, conservation, self-denial — all were in order 
and few escaped the demand to render service of some kind. 

Moreover there were money demands as never before. 
To meet the unexampled situation unprecedented sums had 
to be raised, land the nation began to talk, not in millions, but 
in billions. As there were no other nations to turn to for 
loans, the source of these billions was our own people, and so 
"Liberty loans" and "War Saving Stamp" drives, in addition 
to the customary war taxes, combed the country for revenue, 
drawing from all but the poorest. 

Again, new ethical forces had been developing apace in 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

recent years and these became factors in the war situation. 
A concern for the soldiers' morale and moral welfare as well 
as physical comforts while at the front became a conspicuous 
sentiment, being fanned and fed by various- humanitarian 
agencies ; and thus the histories of the Red Cross, the Young 
Men's Christian Association, the Salvation Army, the 
Knights of Columbus, and the War Camp Community Ser- 
vice and other organizations became so many chapters in the 
great war history. These demanding great sums of money 
for their work, drew upon the people for support, and so, in 
addition to the government "drives" for funds, there were 
numerous whirlwind campaigns conducted by these semi- 
private agencies for the purpose of meliorating the condition 
of the man who had to fight the battles for the country. 

Then there were the universal conscription, the call to do 
battle in foreign lands contrary to our time-honored tradi- 
tions, and numerous other factors that made this war, for 
us, unlike any other, and all in all it marked an epoch in the 
life ;0f each and every American community, for in a sense 
the community is an epitome of the nation at large. Hence, 
an intensive study of the community under the stress of these 
new and complex forces is a contribution to national history ; 
and with that thought in mind this study of Jefferson county 
in the World War is undertaken. 



THE FIRST PATRIOTIC OUTBREAK. 

On the evening of April 2, 1917, President Wilson form- 
ally asked /the Congress of the United States to declare that 
a state of war existed between this country and Germany. 
He stigm.atized the atrocious submarine policy of Germany as 
a "warfare against mankind." He recounted the repeated 
outrages against the property and lives of neutrals including 
America, and declared that in the presence of Germany's 
autocratic power there could be no assured security for the 
democratic governments of the world. "The world," he said, 
"must be made safe for democracy." 

It was announced in The Courier that afternoon that the 
president would address congress that evening and that an 
edition of the paper containing this address would be printed 
as soon as the speech was made. 

From seven o'clock until after the address was giv- 
en to the public, the streets were thronged with people anx- 
iously awaiting the nev/s and the crowds at the Courier office 
and in that vicinity were larger than the bulletin boards 
could accommodate. 

As the president's speech was received it was read to 
those gathered at the office but the desire to read and under- 
stand it was not satisfied and the dem-and for papers was 
greater than the capacity of the printing press. 

Soon after the paper was printed the Elks club headed 
by the Elks band, took the center of Main street and aroused 
all within hearing. The fire bells sounded the tocsin and the 
people came, citizens who had gone to bed hustling into their 
clothes again to join the growing crowd. A motley parade 
composed of all kinds from small boys to old men miarched in 
double column to and fro from Walnut street to Broadway to 
the stirring strains of m.artial music, the procession led by 
Mayor Crozier and James White, the latter a Civil War vet- 



JeCerson County in the World War. 

eran who carried a huge American flag. Other marchers 
bore flags and each Elk was decorated with a small one. Wil- 
liam Ogden, who was to do patriotic service later as chair- 
man of the County Council of Defense, acted as marshal of 
the occasion. 

The first body to formally take action apropos to the sit- 
uation was the Elks lodge, v;hich on April 4 adopted these 
resolutions : 

*'Be it resolved by the Madison, Indiana, lodge No. 524, 
of the Benevolent and Protective order of Elks, in meeting 
assembled this April 4th, 1917, 

"First — That we emphatically approve and endorse the 
action of the President of the United States in recommending 
that Congress declare a state of war exists between our coun- 
try and the imperial German government. 

''Second — That we favor preparedness and active par- 
ticipation in the v/ar on the side of the entente allies as set 
out and recommended in the President's message to Congress. 

^ "Third — That as men and loyal American citizens we 
plecfge the President our full support. 

"Fourth — That copies of these resolutions be printed in 
the local papers and that copies be sent to President Wood- 
row Wilson and to our senators and congressmen." 

In addition to this a telegram was sent to President Wil- 
son to the effect that resolutions had been passed by the Mad- 
ison, Indiana, lodge of Elks supporting his policies in the 
present critical situation. 

On April 6th, war was declared and that evening the 
Commercial Club adopted the following resolutions, submit- 
ted by Edv/ard M. Prenatt: 

"Be it resolved by the members of the Commercial Club 
of Madison, Indiana, that we heartily endorse the action of 
our President and members of our national congress in de- 
claring that a state of war exists between our government 
and that of Germany. 



The First Pairiotic Outbreak. 

"That we hereby tender all our resources that can be 
utilized or which will be required for the successful prosecu- 
tion of the contest and pledge the aid of the club to the ut- 
most in that behalf. 

"Be it resolved that a copy of these resolutions be sent 
to the President, to each of our United Spates senators and 
our representatives in Congress; and that the same be also 
published in the Madison newspapers." 

The Madison high school, v/ide awake and forehanded, 
staged the first patriotic demonstration (next to the initial 
parade above described) by presenting a special and appro- 
priate program in the school auditorium and advertising the 
same to the public by a picturesque display of Old Glorj^- from 
the windows. Hard on the heels of this, a boy's organization, 
enigm.atically called the "P. G. M. Club," (interpreted to the 
writer as the "Pigs, Goats and Mules Club"), composed of 
Haven Sherlock, James Hargan, Garrett Donlan, Charles 
Creamer, George Patton, Alois Beerck, Ben Hunger, Herman 
Kasper and John Scott, armied them.selves with some old rifles 
from Hargan's hardware store and with young Sherlock|for 
captain and John Scott as drummer, put on a spirited military 
drill m the streets that caught the popular fancy. 

In response to a State-v/ide call from Governor Goodrich 
steps were at once taken to effect agricultural mobilization 
with a view to increased efficiency fn food production, and at 
a called meeting held at the court house on April 7th, an or- 
ganization was effected with J. H. Hanna, president; Glenn 
Culbertson, vice president; George Sherlock, secretary, and 
F. H. Austin, treasurer. This took the name of "The j3-fer- 
son County Patriotic Society." 

Patriotic flag raisings began early and followed each 
other in rapid succession. Within two or three days after the 
declaration of war the stars and stripes wore conspicuous in 
Madison, stores, residences, factories, schools and public 
uildings flying the nation's emblem, the biggest one of all 
being displayed at the high school, where it reached from the 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

second story window almost to the ground. North Madison, 
Canaan, Dupont and Brooksburg emerged into the local lime 
light almost simultaneously, with speech making and other 
demonstrations as accompaniments to the hoisting of the col- 
ors. At North Madison, on April 7th, a feature of these dem- 
onstrations was the tooting of steam whistles and rousing 
cheers. At Canaan an 8x12 flag run up a huge pole that tow- 
ered a hundred feet in the air, looked over the surrounding 
country and challenged the eye from points miles away. Han- 
over, Wirt, Manville, the Big Creek neighborhood, Kent, the 
Tower Manufacturing Company of Madison, and the "Lower 
Seminary" of that place, all followed suit, while the Madison 
schools collectively, mustering twelve hundred pupils, shared 
in a demonstration at the high school building where Old 
Glory was hoisted on a newiy installed fifty foot pole to the 
music of "The Star Spangled Banner" sung zestfully by 
twelve hundred fresh young voices. 

The flag sentiment also expressed itself in individual dis- 
plays, as was evidenced by the quick exhausting of a supply 
of small emblems put on sale by the Madison Herald. The 
Current Events Club, composed of women, carried the senti- 
ment a step further by asking the managers of the moving 
picture houses to have the "Star Spangled Banner" and 
"America" played at every performance, the audience to 
stand. 

At the various flag demonstrations those of oratorical 
talent were drawn upon for patriotic addresses, conspicuous 
among the speakers being Judge P. E. Bear, Hon. M. R. Sul- 
zer and Capt. A. D. Vanosdol. The pulpit echoed this patriot- 
ism, the Rev. J. W. Turner, of Trinity Church, for example, 
speaking to the text, "He that has no sword, let him sell his 
diamond and buy one." 

The John Paul chapter, D. A. R., sent a resolution to 
President Wilson pledging its loyalty and willingness to help 
in the war and in return received from him a card of thanks. 



II. 

ORGANIZATION. MILITARY BEGINNINGS. 
THE LOCAL VOLUNTEER COMPANY. 

The formal declaration of war meant the committing of 
the nation to a tremendous undertaking, and the first step, 
of course, was the organizing of the country to that end. 
This organization was partly military and partly civilian; 
partly under the direction and authority of the government 
and partly under the direction of volunteer citizens and 
agencies. 

First there was the enormous governnxntal task of lay- 
ing the hand of authority on every man in the nation of pre- 
scribed age, of selecting the fit from the unfit and of placing, 
so far as might be, the fit where their various capacities would 
count for most. The problem was to mobilize and send across 
seas a vast efficient army at the earliest possible moment to 
meet the critical situation in Europe which threatened all 
that democracy held dear. To do this unprecedented sums of 
money had to be raised with celerity, and this also was the 
government's task. Again, the part that the civilian popu- 
lation played in promoting the efficiency that is made neces- 
sary by the developments of modern warfare called for sepa- 
rate organizations, other than military, on an extensive scale ; 
and so the work as a whole was, undoubtedly, the greatest 
concerted effort that had ever been made in this country. To 
better comprehend the separate activities in their relation to 
the whole we will broadly group them as Military and Civilian, 
and consider them as they developed in Jefferson County. 

The first step in the direction of military activity in this 
county seems to have been that taken by Hanover College, in 
mid-April of 1917, when it decided upon a course of military 
training and instruction in nursing. This was a full month 
before the passage of the conscription law, and by latter 
April sixty-five men were drilling every afternoon on the col- 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

lege athletic field under the direction of Mr. George L. Rider, 
the athletic director, assisted by Lieutenant H. H. Cope and 
Dr. Carl Henning, both of whom had had experience in the 
National Guard. An incentive offered by the college was a 
full time credit to any man who enlisted in the army or navy. 
At this time a number of young women students were learn- 
ing the essentials of nursing under Miss Esther Wray, of the 
senior class, who had taken the Red Cross training at Indian- 
apolis. The object of this group was to qualify for Red Cross 
service. 

Am.ong the first Jefferson County men to seek entrance 
into the military service through the Fort Harrison officers 
training camp were Charles Klein, Richard Heck, Charles C. 
Davidson, Thomas Turner, William Johnson, Cliff Snyder, 
Chester Vernon, John L. Sample, George H. Simpson, Herman 
H. Potter, Fred Flynn, Robert Millar, Will Dow and 0. A. 
Turner. These names were published May 10 and there is 
allusion to "numerous other young Madison men and Hano- 
ver college students," but we find no specific record of them. 
As early as April 18, Roy Inskeep, Howard Downton and 
Lindsay Lyle left Madison to enter the regular army. 

Under date of May 9, 1917, Capt. Horace 0. Woolford, 
of Madison, received from Adjutant-General Smith the fol- 
lowing communication: 

"From the Adjutant General, State of Indiana, 
"To Capt. Horace O. Vv^oolford, Madison, Ind. 
"Subject: Organization of Infantry Company. 

"1. You are hereby authorized to proceed with the or- 
ganization of an infantry company at Madison, Ind. 

"2. The minimum strength will be 65 enlisted men and 
three officers. The company will require the minimum of 
strength after the elimination of all applicants who fail to 
pass the physical examination. 

"HARRY B. SMITH, 

"The Adjutant General." 

8 



Military Beginnings. 

Pursuant to this authorization an appeal was made 
through the local papers to the young men of the community 
to at >once fill out this company, the special argument being 
that all would have to face the chances of conscription later. 
In such case those elected to serve would be widely scattered 
throughout many units, whereas in this volunteer unit all 
would remain together under officers known to them. Daily 
publicity in the newspapers followed ; one of the rooms of the 
Commercial Club was utilized as a recruiting office each even- 
ing, and, thus stimulated, the enrollment ran up to 62 within 
a week. This, however, did not suffice as the minimum num- 
ber for the company was 65 and an uncertain percentage of 
elimination was to be counted on. 

To round out the desired number of enlistments a pub- 
lic demonstration was held on the evening of May 19, the fea- 
tures being the Elks band, a parade and speeches by the Hon. 
Joseph M. Cravens and Judge Perry E. Bear. 

The recruiting went on with the aid of a spirited drum 
corps composed of John C. White, Samuel Medlicott , John 
Kalb and Edwin Hunger with 0. A. Welling as fifer, and by 
June 6th there was an enrollment of 97, but elimination cut 
the number down to 43 accepted men. Up to June 23 most of 
the recruits were Madison men, and, by way of stirring up 
the rural districts, the military committee of the Commercial 
Club, consisting of Messrs. Curtis Marshall, W. H. MiTTer and 
Charles S. Dibler inaugurated a country campaign, and evi- 
dently a vigorous one, for soon thereafter the men began to 
come in from the outlying townships, particularly Madison, 
Monroe, Milton and Saluda. Finally after four weeks of act- 
ive campaigning, the goal of 65 acceptable men was reached, 
and exceeded, for when the company was mustered in, on 
July 10th, there was an enrollment of 78 names. 

This organization, which was Company I of the 4th In- 
fantry regiment, had, it may be said, an especially warm 
place in the hearts of Madisonians for the reason that it was 
the one volunteer home unit that left here. Between the form- 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

ing of the company and its departure from Madison nearly 
two months intervened and during that interval there was 
enthusiastic and repeated expression of public affection. A 
movement was started to raise a company fund which should 
contribute to the comfort of the men in camp or in the field. 
Jo that end the fraternities of Modern Woodmen and Jun- 
Jal^ Tribe of Red Men gave benefit dances; St. Margaret's 
Guild held a market for the sale of pies, cakes and other del- 
icacies; Stony Point Grange, out on the Graham road, raised 
a sum, and many individuals contributed. As a result a snug 
little gift of $694 was handed to Captain Woolford for the 
company at the final demonstration in their honor. The la- 
dies of Kent and Manville, representing the Red Cross organ- 
izations at those places, vied with each other in tendering 
chicken dinners to the boys, these repasts being further grac- 
ed ,by ice cream, cake and "smokes" donated by Fred Glass, 
Frank Schnaitter, George Gertz, Charles Gertz and R. L. Ire- 
land. Meanwhile the grounds of the country club, at the 
west end of Madison, were used as a camping ground, the 
temporary city of tents going by the name of Camp Madison. 
On August 13 the town turned out to do special honor to the 
company before its departure, and made a parade that for size 
and spectacular effect surpassed anything that Madison had 
seen for years. Main street from the railroad bridge to the 
court house seethed with life, as the band of men in khaki, 
the center of interest in the moving multitude, marched up 
from Camp Madison. Veterans of the Civil war, Knights of 
Pythias in their natty uniforms; "Red Men" garbed in their 
Indian regalia ; the Elks lodge. Red Cross nurses bearing their 
familiar insignia, musicians and school children, all headed 
by the four Madison fire companies with their outfits, flowed 
down the street, an animated current between the living 
walls of spectators, while torches, red lights, Roman candles 
and sparklers filled the thoroughfare with meteoric brilliance. 
The Elks band, the Hanover band and two drum corps furn- 



Military Beginnings. 

ished the music to march by and the populace shouted their 
enthusiastic, appreciation of it all. At the Middleton soldiers' 
monument by the court house, where the speakers' stand was 
erected, the Hon. Marcus Sulzer and Judge Bear addressed 
the soldiers and the great crowd as befitted the occasion. AH 
in all it was one of the most imposing events in the history 
of the city. 

A few days later a great crowd of friends gathered at 
the station to bid the men good bye and God speed as they 
entrained for Fort Benjamin Harrison, and the fact that war 
with its horrors lay before them lent solemnity and impress- 
iveness to the occasion. 

The further history of Company I, which later became 
Battery E of the 139th regiment of field artillery, will be 
taken up in another chapter. 

in. 

BATTERY E. 

Company I left Madison for Fort Benjamin Harrison on 
the morning of September 13, 1917. Arriving at its destina- 
tion about noon, the men were met by the band of their reg- 
iment, the Fourth Infantry, and escorted gaily into camp to 
the lively strains of "Good bye Broadway, Hello, France!" 
which of course they were at liberty to construe as Broad- 
way, Madison. They were comfortably quartered in good 
large tents, not far from the fort barracks, and a letter five 
days later reported the boys as becoming rapidly initiated 
in the larger camp life and enjoying themselves in spite of 
rain and "acres of mud." Says this letter: "All are doing 
their utmost to make Company I a credit to the city of Madi- 
son and JeflTerson county." 

September 25th the Fourth infantry, including Company 
I, entrained at Fort Harrison for Camp Shelby, Mississippi, 
and here the Madison boys remained for a little more than a 
year, when a part of the unit was sent overseas. Said in- 

11 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

fantry regiment had been a unit of the National Guard, ante- 
dating the war, but with the change of military organization 
•it was merged into the new system, about October 1st, and 
Company I became Battery E, of the 139th regiment of field 
artillery, 38th division. With this change the unit ceased 
to be solidly of Jefferson County men, others being added to 
it, though the old Company I roster remained intact. The 
only available history we have of Battery E during its camp 
service is in the letters of Will E. Rogers, special correspond- 
ent to the Madison Courier, supplemented by an occasional 
private letter. 

From these communications we gather that the monot- 
ony, routine and hard work of camp life were leavened with 
all the jollity that the omni-present sense of humor and fel- 
lowship could devise. On Thanksgiving day everybody was 
treated to a royal spread of ''turkey and fixings," and those 
who were artistically inclined extended themselves in decor- 
ating the mess hall with holly, lilies and branches of pine and 
oak, along with cane stalks, shrubs and wreaths. On Christ- 
mas day there was another banquet, with the accompaniment 
of little gifts from home that added cheeriness to a rainy, 
gloomy day in a land which, according to Private Otis Nay, 
had originally belonged to the devil but had been turned over 
!to the army because the devil had no use for it. ; That the 
"eats" were appreciated to the full by the boys was indicated 
by the encomiums bestowed upon the kitchen force, Vander- 
smith, McDaniel, Cox, Smith and Dehl. Indeed these knights 
of the trenchers were even extolled in verse, the conclusion 
of which was: 

"Oh, folks at home, take off your hats 

To the cooks of Battery E. 
They're on the job, they always are 
They suit me to a tee." 

The letters have much zestful gossip about life at Camp 
Shelby. They tell of long hikes, of trench digging, and of 

12 



Military Beginnings. 

pioneer work in clearing up ground for the improvement of 
the camp ; but they also tell of basball games, of social times 
at the "Y" and of the never-failing joke whenever anything 
could possibly inspire one. As the correspondent says: 'The 
boy^ want the folks back home to realize that there is a sun- 
ny side to the life of the soldier, that it is up to him to adapt 
himself to all conditions, and that he can do so if he desires." 
There are repeated testimonials as to the popularity of the 
officers of the battery and their conscientious sense of duty 
toward the men under them. Captain Woolford is spoken of 
as "one of the hardest working officers in the regiment," be- 
ing not only battery commander but also president of the 
Regimental Special Court and of the post exchange council^ 
besides attending to other duties. Lieutenants H. H. Cope 
and John Driggs also came in for their share of apprecia- 
tion, but to the regret of all, the former was relieved from 
duty with Battery E on account of ill health. 

As has been said Battery E was but partially made up 
of Jefferson County men and its solidarity as an home unit 
was still further impaired in May, 1918, when fifty-eight of 
its members were sent overseas to be used as replacement 
troopSj and their places in camp taken by other men; so the 
hope of all remaining together throughout the service was 
at least partially frustrated. 

On September 19th the regiment entrained from Camp 
Shelby in the midst of dismal rain, but hilarious as school 
boys at the prospect of at last getting into the big fight. The 
long trip from Mississippi to Camp Upton, Long Island, was 
a prolonged joy ride with debarkations and parades at the 
principal cities. At Upton they remained until October 6thy 
and on that date boarded the English transport, Cedric, for 
overseas. ' 

By the time Battery E got across the war was nearly 
over and it did not get on the battle front. After remaining 
a few days 'at Camp Codford, in England, it was ordered to 
France, and for an account of its experiences there, we can 

13 



Jefiferson County in the World War. 

not do better than quote from Correspondent Rogers: 

"After crossing the channel," says Mr. Rogers, "we land- 
ed at Cherbourg, and after three days departed thence for 
we knew not where, riding aboard box cars. * * * 
We traveled, or rather rambled and bumped eastward toward 
Paris, passing through Alencon, thence to Le Mans, Laval 
and Ploermal, at which latter place we staid for a couple of 
weeks. Then we took a long hike with heavy packs to Camp 
De Meucon where we were when the news of the armistice 
reached us * * * 

"On November 30 the regiment began moving toward 
Brest, the port of embarkation, being again loaded into cattle 
cars. After arriving at Brest we stumbled about in the mud, 
rain and darkness till we finally found some barracks. * * 

"We were at the rest camp, so-called, for almost two 
weeks. Each day almost the whole battery was got out to help 
unload ships, work in the sawmill, or at anything that the camp 
commander wanted done. 

"On December 13 we acted as guard of honor to President 
Wilson and party upon his arrival at Brest, and of course felt 
quite dignified about it. The next day we embarked upon the 
President's ship, the George Washington, and Sunday evening 
at 2:15 sailed out of the harbor of Brest for home." 

The George Washington, according to Sergeant Hayden 
Bear, made dock at Hoboken on Christmas eve. Thence Bat- 
tery E., with the rest of its regiment, went to Camp Merritt, 
N. J., where it remained about two weeks, thence to Fort Ben- 
jamin Harrison, where the men were discharged January 16, 
1919. The next day they reached Madison in a body and were 
given a joyful ovation, including a big chicken dinner at the 
armory; and thns erf'^ed the history of our home companv as a 
unit in the "World War. 



M 



IV. 

THE HOME GUARDS: COMPANY K. LIBERTY GUARDS. 

HANOVER STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPS. 

On September 12, 1917, William Ogden, then acting 
chairman of the Council of Defense, called a meeting at the 
court house for the purpose of organizing a company of home 
guards for local militia service. Mr. Ogden, Capt. A. D. Van- 
osdol and Sheriff George Monroe were the committee having 
the movement in charge. The call was well responded to and 
at the meeting twenty-eight volunteers signed the following 
enlistment agreement: 

"We, the undersigned residents of Jefferson County, in 
the State of Indiana, and not being subject to the selective 
conscription lav/s of the United States now in force because 
of our age or legal exemptions therefrom, do hereby enlist in, 
and become members of the Jefferson County Home Guard, 
in said county, and subject to service within the boundary 
of said county only, and not elsewhere, in defense of persons 
and property in said county, and the enforcement of law 
and order therein, subject to the call of the sheriff of this 
county, or other lawful authority for and within said county. 

"We pledge ourselves to loyally support the government 
of the United States of America, and the State of Indiana 
and the lawfully constituted authorities thereof in all efforts 
to bring to a speedy and successi*ul termination the present 
war against the German Empire and its allies. 

"This the 12th day of September, 1917." 

R. F. Stanton was chosen captain of the organization. 

With further publicity the list of volunteers slowly in- 
creased in numbers and drilling was carried on at. the arm- 
ory for about two months. The question of equipment for 
the company was a leading problem and Captain Stanton vis- 
ited the Attoi-ney General's office to solicit aid toward such 
equipment but found that it could not be given. However, 
he was informed that the organization of ten State militia 

15 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

companies had been decided upon and it was suggested that 
Jefferson County form one of these. In that case a full equip- 
ment of rifles, ammunition, uniforms, etc., would be furnish- 
ed by the State. The difference between such a militia com- 
pany and the "Home Guards" was that the former would be 
subject to State-wide service and to State regulations. The 
local quota would be seventy-five men, and those under and 
over the draft age limits would be eligible to enlistment. 

At a meeting in the high school building on November 
16th, the change proposed was discussed and after some fur- 
ther agitation. Col. Charles A. Garrard, of the Adjutant- 
General's office, visited Madison, on November 28th, and 
mustered in the new company to take the place of the old 
one, with a roster of fifty-six men and R. F. Stanton as cap- 
tain. The company was assigned to the 2nd regiment, 3rd 
battalion, Indiana State Militia, as Company K., other com- 
panies in the battalion being from Shelbyville, Lebanon and 
Anderson. Aick- W I ^ J ^ 

Septownbcr ^, 101 9; /^Lieutenant Frank J. Pritchard was 
promoted to the captaincy, R. F. Stanton resigning, and on 
November 10th, Melvin W. Blackard was commissioned 2nd 
lieutenant to fill the vacancy caused by Lieutenant Yunker 
entering the regular army. After Mr. Yunker's return home 
he was commissioned first lieutenant of the home company. 

October 16, 1919, Captain Pritchard with Company K 
was ordered to report to Adjutant General Harry B. Smith 
at Indiana Harbor, Ind., for duty during the steel strike at 
that place, and they were in service there seventeen days. 

April 22, 1920 Company K was mustered out of service 
by Major Earl McKee, a member of the staff of Adjutant- 
General Harry B. Smith. In dismissing the men, Major 
McKee complimented them on their patriotic service and ad- 
vocated the organization of a new Madison company as a 
unit in the National Guard system that will replace the 
State Militia. 

IS 



Military Beginnings. 

THE LIBERTY GUARDS. 

The Liberty Guards company, of IVIiddlefork, Jefferson 
County, was an organization foiined in response to a procla- 
mation by (jiovernor Goodrich calling into State militia service 
men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years. This 
was classed as the "sedentary militia," and was to serve as 
a home guard. Tiie service was voluntary and the prelim- 
inary step toward a local organization was a petition signed 
by not less than fifty citizens of the community stating their 
desire to form a unit of the Liberty Guard, with assurance 
that such unit would maintain an interest in the work lor 
the period of the war. 

The IVIiddlefork neighborhood was, we believe, the only 
one in this county to take steps conformable to the governor'^ 
appeal and on February 9, 1919, the recruits assembled at the 
Middlefork church for the purpose of organization and physi- 
cal examination. 

The officers chosen were: John Smith, captain; Ed Wil- 
son, first lieutenant ; Ralph E. Craig, second lieutenant. 

The physical examination, conducted by Dr. Vincent 
Shepherd and Dr. J. F. Lewis, eliminated some of the appli- 
cants, but we are told that "54 came through all right." 

HANOVER S. A. T. C. 

Reference has already been made to military organiza- 
tion in the student body of Hanover College very soon after 
the declaration of war. At our solicitation. Dr. W. A. Millis, 
president of the college, has submitted the following suc- 
cinct statement which puts in a nutshell the part the school 
played in the program for preparedness. 

"The plans for the 1919 campaign, then thought by the 
military authorities as necessary to the winning of the war, 
revealed a shortage of 150,000 line officers. The results se- 
cured by the intensive training of college men had been so 
satisfactory that the War Department turned again to the 
colleges and universities for this complement of officer can- 

17 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

rlidates. Standard colleges willing to serve their country in 
this emergency and possessing the necessary facilities were 
selected and reorganized to give an intensive training prelim- 
inary to the regular officers training in the camps. Only 
volunteer soldiers qualified for college entrance were accept- 
ed. As rapidly as these men demonstrated the possession of 
proper academic and personal qualifications they were to be 
transferred to the camp schools. 

"Hanover College promptly accepted the call to service 
and entered into contract with the Government for the hous- 
ing, subsistence and instruction of soldiers. October first, 
1018, the Fanovr^r Unit of S, A. T. C. was formally estab- 
lished under command of Lieut. Henry E. Dodd, with Presi- 
dent W. A. Millis as director of academic activities, and Dr. 
S. A. Whitsitt as medical officer. One hundred twenty-five 
soldiers were admitted to the "unit." The men were discharg- 
ed December 21, following the signing of the armistice, and 
by mutual agreement and satisfactory adjustment of costs 
by the Government the contract between the College and the 
Armory was annulled. 

"The enterprise was pronounced eminently successful 
by the military inspectors, and if the war had continued a 
large percentage of the men would have been accepted as of- 
ficers." 



18 



V. 

WORK OF THE DRAFT BOARD. 

The conscription law making all male citizens of the 
United States between the ages of 21 and 31 subject to the 
call for military duty, passed Congress May 18, 1917. This 
opened the way to a tremendous task — the biggest of the 
kind that America had ever attempted. Not only did it mean 
a complete registration of the millions of men throughout the 
country between the ages specified, but there had to be a 
vast separating and classifying process — first the separation 
of the physically fit from the unfit and then the classing of 
the fit in accordance with an elaborate scheme that aimed at 
the greatest possible military efficiency. For every actual 
fighting man on the firing line at least two or three men 
were required in other capacities and the plan was to select 
accordingly. Some men, by reason of the necessity of their 
vocations, were more useful at home than in the field and 
there were various grounds for exemption. 

The machinery essential to the accomplishment of this 
work was local registration and draft boards acting in con- 
junction with and under the instructions of the State and 
Federal authorities. In Indiana Governor Goodrich took 
steps toward organization as early as April 28th, three weeks 
before Congress passed the law, by appointing commission- 
ers of three in each county to take charge of the arrange- 
ments for registration. These commissions were to consist 
of the clerk of the court, the sheriff and a third citizen of 
prominence. The three in Jefferson County were County 
Clerk Edward M. Prenatt, Sheriff George Monroe and ex- 
Representative Hiram Foster, and they on May 2nd, an- 
nounced their selections of registrars for the various pre- 
cincts in the county. The list was: 
City of Madison: 

First ward — Precincts: 1, George T. Mayfield; 2, Robert 
E. Manville; 3, Nicholas Robinus. 

19 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

Second ward — Precincts: 1, George H. Simpson; 2, How- 
ard W. Graham; 3, William Ogden. 

Third ward — Precincts: 1, Simeon E. Leland; 2, Joseph 
F. McKenna ; 3, John F. Hammell. 

Graham Township — Precincts: 1, Middleton Robertson; 
2, Frank P. Wilson. 

Hanover Township — Precincts: 1, Glenn Culbertson; 2, 
Henry M. Lee. 

Lancaster Township — Precincts: 1, John L. Hammond; 
2, Green B .Giltner. 

Madison Township — Precincts: 1, Robert H. Wood; 2, 
George E. Sherlock; 3, William T. Seburn; 4, Samuel Wal- 
lace; 5, James Cornwall. 

MilLo]'. Township— Precincts: 1, Evan Miller; 2, Albert E. 
Rogers; 3, W. W. Lane. 

Monroe Township — Precincts: 1, W. L. Denny; 2, Avery 
Jordan. 

Republican Township — William Kloepfer. 

Saluda Township — Precincts 1, Daniel S. Mills; 2, Dr. 
R. A. J. McKeand. 

Shelby Township — Precincts: 1, John F. Todd; 2, Lucius 
T. Lee. 

Smyrna Township — James W. Banta. 

It should be said that although provision had been made 
for salaries for registrars those in Indiana contributed their 
services as a patriotic duty. It was estimated that if this 
volunteer work done in Jefferson County had been paid for, 
it would have cost at least five hundred dollars. 

June 5, 1917, was the first registration day. It was 
rather anticipated that there would be some trouble owing to 
opposition to conscription, but the day passed off pretty much 
as an ordinary election does, the registrations being taken 
at the thirty-one voting precincts of the county. But few 
failed to obey the law. The figures of the Provost Marshal 
General Crowder to the Secretary of War show that the total 

20 



The Draft Board. 

number of registrants in our county was 1,299. Subsequent 
fuuircs increased this to 1,306. Our gross quota under the 
first call was 171, but we were credited with 77 volunteer en- 
listments, thus leaving but 94 subject to the draft. 

The next step to be taken was the elimination of the un- 
fit and those otherwise entitled to exemption from those not 
exempt, through the agency of a local draft exemption 
board, appointed by Federal authority. Our local board first 
consisted of Dr. H. S. Hatch, Dr. 0. A. Turner and Mr. George 
W. Miles, but afterwards County Clerk Edward M. Prenatt 
took the place of Mr. Miles. Dr. Hatch was president. 

The task of this board was by no means a light one, in- 
volving as it did the physical examination of hundreds of 
men, the passing on claims for exemption, the compiling of 
data and the keeping pace with innumerable new rulings from 
headquarters touching the minutiae of the business. The 
tabulated results of their work following this first registra- 
tion are of interest. They called for examination 518 men, 
of whom only 12 failed to appear; 311 were accepted as 
physically fit and 195 were rejected. Exemption was claim- 
ed by 225 and 186 of these were allowed, leaving 125 to be 
certified to the district board as eligible for military service. 
This 125 as a military residuum out of 518 after the elimJn- 
ations, will give an idea of the sifting process that went with 
the selective draft. 

Other figures show that out of 518, all but two v/ere na- 
tive citizens, and of the 1,299 registered 682 were married 
and 617 single. The total cost of this draft varied in differ- 
ent State, the average being $4.93 for each man that was 
certified for service by the local boards. The cost in Indi- 
ana was $3.57 per man. This cost increased with the exten 
sion of the selective draft and by October 1, 1918, it amount- 
ed to $5.84 in Indiana with $7.90 for an average of all the oth- 
er States. 

In 1918 three other registrations were taken, the dates 



21. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

being June 5, August 24 and September 12. The first two 
were lor getiing mose who had reached the age of 21 since 
June 5, 1917. The third, in accordance with an enlarged pro- 
gram and an increased demand for man power, conformed to 
a new law which included in the draft men between 18 and 21 
and between 32 and 45. The June and August total was only 
laG, but the extension of the age limits added 2,054, making 
3,516 for the county's grand total. 

At the end of the first month the board was commend- 
ed for the efficiency of its service. There had been examined 
482 men, but this and the attendant clerical work took prac- 
tically all the time of the two physicians and clerk, besides 
that of an assistant, Mrs. Clara Bear. Later the work was 
lightened by a change of method which reduced the num- 
ber of registranis lo be examined by first sending oat ques- 
tionnaires to them, the answers to these questionnaires, 
when returned, showing a certain percentage whom it was not 
necessary to call for examination at all. This but partially 
simplified the problem, however, for so many of the regis- 
trants were puzzled by the questionnaires that the board at 
times was swamped by seekers after information. 

As the civilian population honored the county's volun- 
teer body, Company I, by various demonstrations, as here- 
tofore mentioned, so did it rally to show its appreciation of 
the drafted men and of the important task that lay ahead of 
them. Acting on a suggestion from the State Council of De- 
fense arrangements were made for a great patriotic meeting 
to be held at Neavill's Grove, a picnicing spot, near Volga, at 
the approximate center of the county. To show their good 
will toward the country people, who were the promoters of 
the rally, as well as towards the soldiers, forty-nine of the 
leading business firms of Madison publicly announced their 
intentions of helping in every way possible to make the af- 
fair a success. The demonstration came off September 5th, 
with Dr. George B. Grosse, president of DePauw University, 

2^- > I 



The Council of Defense. 

as the chief speaker, and with an attendance of perhaps three 
thousand people, six or eight hundred of whom were from 
Madison. 

This was in the nature of a general compliment to the 
draftees, about the time the first ones were called, but there- 
after their induction by small groups from time to time mili- 
tated against further demonstrations except in the form of 
farewells and dances tendered by personal friends of the men. 

ENTRAINMENTS. 

The first drafted men to enter military service from 
Jefferson County were William Levi Tilford, Howard Lock- 
ridge and Joseph Skidmore, who left Madison September 6, 
1917, entrained for Camp Taylor. These were followed in a 
day or so by Rayburn Young, of North Madison, and Floyd 
Mouser. 

Between September 20, 1917 and October 15, 1918, ap- 
proximately thirty-five quotas were entrained from Madison, 
these quotas running in number from a single man to groups 
of thirty or forty. The majority of them went to Camp Tay- 
lor, but some were scattered over the country to various 
camps and training schools. 

Practically all of these men were photographed, when 
they entrained, by Mr. Louis Cohen, who by virtue of his act- 
ive interest in this work was appointed official photographer 
of the county. To Mr. Cohen, before as well as after this ap- 
pointment, the county is indebted for a pictorial record of 
our soldiers and of war-time scenes in Madison. The collec- 
tion consists of more than fifty pictures, a complete set of 
which is preserved by the Historical Commission. The names 
of the men entrained and dates of entrainment are preserv- 
ed by the county historical society. 



23. 



VI. 

THE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. 

To convey an idea of the function of the County Council 
of Defense and its relations to the larger system, we repro- 
duce in full a communication from the State Council of De- 
fense to .Judge F. M. Griffith, of the Jefferson County Circuit 
Court. It read: 

"State Council of Defense, May 28, 1917. 

"Dear Judge: 

"No doubt you are advised of the organization, under 
the direction of the Federal Government, of the State Coun- 
cil oT Defense, operating in connection with the National 
Council of Defense. In line with the Department's wishes 
the Governor has organized such a State Council of Defense 
for Indiana, which has opened headquarters in the State 
House and is preparing to do such services as is possible for 
it to perform until the close of the war. 

"In line with the Government's wishes and the sugges- 
tions of the National Council of Defense and the War De- 
partment, steps were taken Friday to organize county coun- 
cils of defense. To that end a resolution was passed that the 
judges of the Circuit Courts be requested to name seven per- 
sons in each county in his circuit. A copy of the resolution 
passed by the State Council of Defense is enclosed. We will 
appreciate very much if you will read this carefully and act 
accordingly, and as soon as the council has been appointed by 
you, will see that the name of the chairman is sent to us. 

"The purpose of the State Council of Defense, in brief, 
is to co-operate with the Federal Government in organizing 
and directing the resources of the State in men and mater- 
ials to make them effective for National use. 

"The government is going about this matter in a very 
careful and comprehensive manner. They are very anxious 
that the States co-operate by the organization of the State 

...,._....«4l^ 24. . . . ,.-,,. 



The Council of Defense. 

Councils. Necessarily, and because it is a national matter, 
the Secretary of War suggests, of course, that the general 
direction of the whole matter will be in Washington, but he 
says that the strength of their organization will depend upon 
the efficiency with which the organization of the several 
States and smaller political divisions is carried out. He says 
that while they can make no forecast as to the length of the 
war, every consideration of intelligence and prudence directs 
us to enter it as though it Vv'ere going to be long and to equip 
ourselves to do our task from the very beginning in the larg- 
est and most effective way; that this means the mobilization 
of the energy and strength of the country in an industrial 
as well as a military way, and to preserve, as far as possible, 
the country from unnecessary dislocations of its industrial, 
commercial, agricultural and community life; that the max- 
imum of co-operation is the essential measure of the efficien- 
cy of the whole matter. 

"We will very much appreciate your co-operation in this 
matter." 

More specifically the function of the County Council of 
Defense as a part of a nation-wide system, was to impose 
upon the people of its county whatever measures were deemed 
necessary to war efficiency. "Win the War" was the national 
slogan, and the civilian contribution to that end needed di- 
rection under authority. Duly invested with such authority 
the local council, acting in close cooperation (in this county, 
at least) with the food and fuel administrators, concerned it- 
self with the production and conservation of food stuffs, with 
the fuel situation, with cases of disloyalty, and, in short, with 
whatever might help or hinder in the great task before the 
country. "" ^^"^ 

Pursuant to the appeal from the State Council, Judge 
Griffith appointed as members of a county council H. O. 
Woolford. chairman; Mrs. M. C. Garber. Nicholas Robinus 
f\nr\ J. R. Tnglis, all of Madison; James T. Green, of North 
Madi-^on : Russell Fewell, of Hanover Township, and John J. 

25. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

Denny, of Monroe Township. Subsequently Mr. Woolford re- 
signed on account of military activities, and was succeeded 
by William Ogden, who continued as chairman until the coun- 
cil was officially mustered out of service by the governor of 
the State. 

Owing, perhaps, to the fact that the whole scheme was 
too much of an innovation to easily get under way, the coun- 
ty councils generally seem not to have made much of a show- 
ing until further stimulus was applied. On July 14th, 1917, 
Prof. W. O. Mills, of Purdue University, representing the food 
committee of the State Council of Defense, came to Jeft'er- 
son County and attempted to perfect the organization and to 
get it into working shape, and the following September the 
national council sent out speakers to stir up the local coun- 
cil and the people. Madison was visited September 26th by 
three of these representatives — R. W. Jinnett, C. C. Whitlock 
and A. R. Sills, Jr. The burden of their addresses was, the 
seriousness of the situation, the part that the civil popula- 
tion would have to take in the world war, and the pressing 
need for the conservation and production of food stuffs. 

At that time our council was re-organized for business 
with the following committees supplementing the seven 
members above named, who constituted the council proper: 

Finance: J. Wilbur Cornett, chairman; Charles Cravens, 
Robert T. Banner. 

Food Production, Stimulation and Conservation: Joseph 
M. Cravens, chairman; Mrs. J. L. Fuelling, Charles E. Irwin, 
J. C. F. Schmidlap, Levi Banner. 

Four Minute Men: Prof. Homer Long, chairman. 

Enrollment of Men in Military Service: Capt. A. D. Van- 
osdol, chairman; Edward M. Prenatt, Walter Caplinger. 

Jefferson County Guard: Capt. A. D. Vanosdol, chair- 
man; Sheriff George A. Monroe, R. F. Stanton (captain of 
Madison company). 

Committee on Public Health: W. G. Rogers, chairman; 

26. 



The Council of Defense. 

jjrs. U. A. Turner, Iviaaison; Vincent Shepherd, Dupont; S. 
A. VVhitsitt, kenc; U. F. Harwood, Brooksburg; C. W. Den- 
ny, Belieview. 

Women's Activities: Mrs. M. C. Garber, chairman; Mes- 
dames S. G. Boyd, K. W. Cochran, Edward Eggleston, R. L. 
iieiana, jjavia jonnson, Vv . U. McLelland, J. W. Miliigan, Wm. 
wfeuen, r^uward i:.. roweii, \\ . G. Rogers, Elmer Scott, Marcus 
K3Ulzer, J. Vv. 'ievis, and Miss Mayme Horuit'. 

iownship Secretaries: Graham, Mrs. Hiram Foster; 
Hanover, Mrs. r'ranlt Craig; Madison, Mrs. G. F. Crozier; 
Republican, Mrs. W. A. Crosby; Saluda, Mrs. Evelyn Wells; 
Shelby, Miss Agnes Bishop ; Smyrna, Mrs. Walter A. Ritchie. 

Boys' Working Reserve : Miss Etta Hoff stadt, chairman. 

But the Council of Defense could not do its vi^ork prop- 
erly without funds and the county commissioners were twice 
asked for an appropriation. The first time the request was 
refused on the ground that such appropriation was not au- 
thorized by law, there being no legislative provision for such 
emergency. Nevertheless, in this general emergency most 
of the counties had made appropriations, though the pro- 
ceeding was somewhat irregular, and after a second appeal 
made by a committee consisting of Messrs. Marcus Sulzer, 
P. E. Bear, John McGregor, A. D. Vanosdol, G. M. Daily and 
A. C. Greiner, our commissioners followed the precedent. 
There was no appropriation for 1917 ; that for 1918 was $1,- 
092.75, and that for 1919 was $1,000. 

Meanwhile a number of patriotic citizens who were most 
active in the work of "helping win the war" gave not only 
of their time but of their money for incidental expenses. The 
duties of Food Administrator Harper, for example, necessi- 
tated much stenographic work; the same was true of Fuel 
Administrator Seburn and of William Ogden, the Council of 
Defense chairman. All of these and others — more, in fact, 
than the chronicler could definitely trace — saw their tasks 
through at personal expense when the situation '^'^manded 

27. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

it and said nothing further about it. Senator J. M. Cravens, 
to cite one more instance, himself rented and furnished an 
office room for the clerical work of filling out questionnaires. 

This filling of questionnaires as a first step in the select- 
ive scheme was one of the tedious, time-consuming tasks 
that demanded faithful volunteer service, and there were per- 
iods when those who had the work in hand virtually laid aside 
their private business. This applied to pretty much every at- 
torney of Madison. The machinery for accomplishing this 
work consisted of a legal advisory board of three members 
who appointed as associate members or assistants other local 
attorneys. The members of the advisory board were Messrs. 
J. M. Cravens, John McGregor and E. S. Roberts, and the as- 
sociates Messrs. Hiram Francisco, A. D. Vanosdol, S. E. Le- 
land, M. R. Sulzer, W. O. Ford, Emerson Lemen, S. J. Bear, 
Curtis Marshall, T. B. McGregor, H. J. Zearing, Nicholas 
Harper, B. F. Mouser, Harry Lemen, Charles O. McBride, 
P. E. Bear and Benjamin Noell. 

In addition to the above those who had a recognized tal- 
ent for public speaking were pressed into service as "four 
minute men" to spread the propaganda of conservation, 
thrift and patriotic duty by numerous brief speeches at the 
nicture theatres, at the factories and elsewhere as opportun- 
ity offered. 

FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION. 

Immediately after the declaration of war, Indiana took 
steps toward agricultural mobilization and the conserving of 
food stuffs. This stimulus reached to the various counties 
and on April 7, 1917, agricultural organization was effected 
at the court house in Madison with J. H. Hanna, president: 
Glenn Culbertson, vice president; George Sherlock, secretary, 
and F. H. Austin, treasurer. 

This took the name of "The Jefferson County Patriotic 
Agricultural Society." A feature of the general plan was the 
promoting of township organizations by the county societies, 

28. ; 



The Council oi Defense. 

uius aisseniiiiaiiiig ilie interest throughout the rural dis- 
LiicLS, and pursuant to ihis -The Manville Patriotic Agricul- 
tural bov^ieiy" was iormed at a raUy held at Manville, Milton 
lownship, on April ioth. The officers of this branch were: 
victor Vernon, prosiuenc; Charles Martin, vice president; 
VViiliaiu Moore, treasurer, and Albert Scott, secretary. 

In September, li>i7, the State Council of Defense urged, 
through Mr. Ogden, the local chairman, an increased acreage 
of wheat and rye, the apportionment for Jefferson County 
being, for wheat, 24,000 and for rye 1,000 acres. As a result 
of this appeal the acreage for wheat, as estimated by the W. 
Trow milling company in October, was 20,000 to 24,000 acres 
as against 10,000 to 15,000 acres for the preceding year, and 
in 1918, there was a banner crop of this grain. 

In the spring of 1918 the idea was conceived of organ- 
izing for farm work the drafted men who remained at home 
by reason of deferred classification. These to the number of 
950, were notified to meet at the Court House for the purpose 
of perfecting a working society. There was a good response ; 
the meeting was addressed by Dr. W. A. Millis, president of 
Hanover College, who emphasized the importance of a vig- 
orous food program, and the result was an organization with 
branches reaching into each township which, according to a 
subsequent report of the county agent, "proved a valuable 
asset to the promotion of agricultural work." To quote this 
report further "It was through this organization that a large 
number of farmers were interested in using pulverized lime- 
stone. Also through its channels a 25% increase in the acre- 
age of wheat was obtained. Furthermore this organization 
assisted in getting over 500 farmers to field-select their seed 
corn, and fifty-three farmers to erect fifty-three new silos, 
and they have made numerous surveys for the department." 

Food production and food conservation were promoted 
in many ways. Ministers from their pulpits spoke on this 
subject; there were talks addressed to the school children, 

29. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

and merchants were asked to make window displays illus- 
trating methods of conservation. A Hoosier pledge card 
campaign and "conservation week" was conducted between 
the dates of October 28 and November 4, 1917. 

Steps were also taken in August, 1917, toward organiz- 
ing throughout the county a "Boys' Working Reserve," the 
purpose of which was to enlist in agricultural work boys from 
16 to 20 years of age. Miss Etta M. Ho(ffstadt, who had tak- 
en a course in food conservation at Purdue University, was 
the local director representing this movement, and through 
her twenty-two bronze badges were awarded to Jefferson 
County boys by the federal authority. The recipients of this 
honor were William A. Reidel, Howard B. Kuppler, Oliver 
P. James, Thomas L. Schrieber, Delbert O. Ackerman, Harry 
D. Linenweber, Geo. V. Reul, Stanley H. Reidel, Harry E. 
Walker, Richard R Davis, and Glenn F. Hewitt, all of Mad- 
ison; Delbert E. Peacock, Deputy; Earl G. Palmer, Edwin V. 
O'Neel, Waldo A. Judkins, Harley S. Graston and Charles J. 
Nichols, of Dupont; Osmer Richmond, Wray R. Waters and 
Ralph B. Green, of North Madison; Harold C. Voris, Hano- 
ver; Roy E. Langdon, Kosmosdale. 

In Jefferson County, as elsewhere, however, the people 
awakened but slowly to the urgency of the things preached, 
and by way of an extra stimulus a big "war conference" was 
held in Madison on February 11, 1918. This consisted of 
three sessions broken up into various sectional meetings 
held at the Grand Opera House, the court House, the high 
school building and Trinity Church, where the questions of 
civilian war duties were discussed from every angle by the aid 
of visiting speakers, among whom were C. V. Stansbury, of 
the National Food Administration ; H. A. Stevens, of Purdue 
University; Mrs. Grace Julian Clarke, of Indianapolis, and 
Lieutenant Hector McQuarrie. of the British army. 



0, 



The Council of Defense. 

WOMAN'S SECTION COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. 

The local Council of Defense was greatly aided in its 
work by the zeal and faithfulness of the women, organized 
as the "Woman's Section," with Mrs. M. C. Garber, as chair- 
man. This virtually separated the council into two cooper- 
ating parts and calls for a separate consideration of the wom- 
en's work. The Woman's Section not only distinguished it- 
self by energy and initiative but kept the fullest and most 
methodical records that have fallen into the hands of the 
present writer, and the account here presented of the organ- 
ization and its activities is but an abridged form of an his- 
torical sketch written by Mrs. Garber, the chairman. 

The Woman's Section of Jefferson County began its spe- 
cific duties, independently, says Mrs. Garber, "responding to 
instructions from the Woman's Section of the State Council 
for its work. 

"The first assignment of duty was the quota of socks 
for the gift of 4,000 pairs to the first Indiana regiment to go 
to the front. Forty-seven pairs were asked of Jefferson 
County, to be completed and delivered by September 1. Six- 
ty pairs were done and delivered by August 25. 

"To carry on this work the county was organized by the 
appointment of a chairman in each of the ten townships, as 
follows : Graham, Miss Lucy Robertson ; Hanover, Mrs. Frank 
Craig; Lancaster, Miss Mary Lewis; Madison, Mrs. David 
Johnson ; Milton, Mrs, William Dow ; Monroe, Mrs. Charles W. 
Denny; Republican, Mrs. W. A. Crosby; Saluda, Miss Hazel 
Gorrell; Shelby, Miss Agnes Bishop; Smyrna, Mrs. Walter 
Ritchie. 

"A meeting of these chairmen for organization was held 
July 24 with a good attendance. The work to which they 
were called was fully outlined and assignment made of the 
knitting — five pairs of socks to each township. The quotas 
were completed one week ahead of schedule time. The coun- 
ty went over the top in amount also, one-third more pairs of 

31. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

socks being sent than was asked for. 

"August 9 a second called meeting was held at the head- 
quarters. The subject to be discussed was the conservation 
of the food products of the county for supplying the local de- 
mands for the ensuing winter, but the requirements of the 
pure food laws, such as printed tables with the name of 
person submitting each article, ingredients, etc., proved an 
insurmountable obstacle to the project. 

"Simultaneously with the organization of the county a 
city committee, consisting of representatives of the churches 
and clubs was appointed. These were the women of executive 
ability and wide influence from the several wards of the city, 
the purpose being to reach all parts and^ all people. Following 
is the committee: 

"Mrs. M. C. Garber, chairman; Mrs. W. G. Rogers, vice 
chairman; Mesdames Edward Eggleston, R. L, Ireland, W. O. 
McLelland, J. W. Milligan, Edward Powell, Marcus Sulzer, 
R. W. Cochran, W. D. Ogden, David Johnson, John W. Tevis, 
E. R. Trovv', Elmer E. Scott, E. B. Sheldon, and Misses Mary 
Iloruff and Carolyn Ford. 

"Through the city and county organizations the State 
registration of women v/as effected by means of the first 
and second food card campaigns. During a two months' ab- 
sence from the county of the chairman of the Woman's Sec- 
tion, the vice chairman, Mrs. W. G. Rogers, discharged the 
duties of the chairman through that period (October and 
November, 1917) with great efficiency. The second food card 
campaign was under Mrs. Rogers' administration, and was 
a notable success. 

"On November 12 instruction was issued by the State 
chairman, Mrs. Carlisle, for an extension of county organi- 
zation along the lines adopted by the national committee call- 
ing for division chairmen to whom the several departments 
of work should be entrusted. The following appointments 
were submitted to the State chairman and endorsed: 

32. 



The Council of Defense. 

"Enrollment, Mrs. M. C. Garber. Food Production, Mrs. 
R. W. Cochran. Home Economics, Mrs. M. R. Sulzer. Child 
Welfare, Mrs. V/. 0. McLelland. Health and Recreation, 
Mrs. W. D. Ogden. Food Conservation, Mrs. W. G. Rogers. 
Liberty Loan, Mrs. J. W. Tevis. Red Cross, Mrs. E. R. Trow. 
Allied Relief, Miss Carolyn Ford. Social Service, Mrs. W. O. 
McLelland. Education, Mrs. E. B. Sheldon. Women in In- 
dustry, Miss Ella Wade. Publicity, Mrs. E. E. Scott. In- 
struction for this work was sent by the State chairman De- 
cember 3d. The appointments were made at once and tho 
department work begun. 

"The Jefferson County war conference was held Febru- 
ary 11, 1918, and was in every respect a great success. The 
session of the Women's Section was held in Trinity Church, 
a martial character being imparted by the soldierly bearing 
of the uniformed Boy Scouts who acted as ushers and page.s. 
The program was as follows: 

"Outline of proposed work, Mrs. M. C. Garber, chair- 
man. General discussion, by division and township chair* 
men. Address, Mrs. Grace Julian Clarke, chairman Stato 
fourteen-minute women. Conference of county fourteen- 
minute women, conducted by chairman of State committee. 

"Registration with the national card was begun March 
23rd by the appointment of registrars covering all territory 
in town and county, the former on the block system and the 
latter by school districts. Registration classes for instruction 
of registrars and registrants were held in every township ex- 
cept two, whose organizations met with that of a neighbor- 
ing township. The first was in Madison, April 5th, the last 
in Hanover the week proceeding the registration drive. A 
committee of assistants accompanied the chairman of each 
class and aided in registering all women present. The num- 
ber of women in each township, according to the census of 
1910, was given to the township chairman, and she was ex- 
pected to register 100 per cent. As a matter of fact, while 

33. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

the census gave 4,085 women for the county, 4,447 were reg- 
istered. 

"The withdrawal ,bf Mrs. Rogers, vice chairman and 
food conservation chairman, left vacant these offices and 
Mrs. R. W. Clements was appointed to fill the vacancies April 
10, 1918. She accompanied the registration committee on 
its township visitations, instituting throughout the county 
food clubs under the direction of the State food administra- 
tion. 

"Through Professor Christie, the head of the State ag- 
ricultural bureau, Mrs. Clements secured a course of food 
demonstrations by Miss Reba Smith, a food demonstrator 
from Purdue University. Six demonstrations were given, 
from May 13 to 18, before women of each township, neigh* 
boring townships combining their meetings when possible. 

"The year for which the County Council was appointed 
expired May 31st, and the appointments for the ensuing 
year were : W. D. Ogden, chairman ; B. H. Doddridge, County 
Agent, Secretary; J. W. Cornett, Treasurer; Nicholas Har- 
per, Food Administrator; W. T. Seburn, Fuel Administrator; 
Iv/Tvc.. iv[, c. Garbor, Voman Member; Jam^es Green, Labor 
Member, 

"The Student Nurse Reserve Campaign was at once op- 
ened in connection with the Red Cross. The committee from 
the council was Mrs. E. R. Trow, R. C. chairman; Miss Car- 
olyn Ford, vice R. C. chairman, and Mrs. S. G. Boyd, chair- 
man Student Nurse Course, K. D. H. Thorough work was 
done by the committee and their many aides throughout the 
county, but it was not possible to fill the quota. A fair per- 
centage were enrolled, however. Under the direction of 
the State chairman regular monthly meetings were in- 
stituted, the first being held August 15th, in the Coun- 
cil of Defense headquarters in the Masonic Temple. Full 
reports from all chairmen were given at these meetings 
and three copies of the minutes, typewritten, were prepared 

Si. ■ 



The Council of Defense. 

by the secretary, one for the records, one for the report to 
the State chairman and one for the county chairman. Full 
reports of all called and regular meetings were forwarded to 
the State chairman by the first of each month. 

*The influenza ban closed all meetings through the late 
fall and early winter and seriously interrupted activities. In- 
dividual work, however, was continued in all departments, in 
the interest of reconstructive measures, after November 
11th. 

"To this it should be added that the following group of 
'fourteen-minute women' were chosen to speak before the 
women of the county on such subjects as registration of wom- 
en, liberty loans, thrift stamps, Red Cross, food conserva- 
tion, etc. ; Mrs. Eliza B. Sheldon, Mrs. Elias J. Scott and Mrs. 
Gaylord Crozier, for Madison Township; Mrs. Corda M. Eld- 
ridge, for Saluda; Mrs. Wm. O'Neal, for Lancaster, Graham 
and Smyrna; Miss Eloise Millis, for Hanover; Mrs. Charles 
Irwin, for Monroe; Miss Mary Hensler, for Republican; Mrs. 
Jesse Salyers, for Shelby ; Mrs. Howard Coleman, for Milton. 
Miss Ella Porter Grif!ith was chairman of the organization." 

The Woman's Council had its own motor corps in ac- 
cordance with a State-wide scheme. It was rather late be- 
fore this corps was formally organized, but prior to that th? 
women used their own machines and drove them, donating 
time and service as well as cars. But for them the drives 
could not have been carried out. 

The same may be said regarding the volunteer service 
of the men's section of the Council. 

FOOD AND FUEL ADMINISTRATIONS. 

The food and fuel adminstrations of Jefferson County 
were so closely allied with the Council of Defense that they 
may be regarded as auxiliary to that branch of the war work. 
Virtually the administrators were officers of the law em- 
powered to enforce the various regulations whereby the gov- 

Z5. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

ernment sought to promote food and fuel conservation. In 
ioous uie policy was to resirict sales on certain articles of con- 
buiiipuoii, sucii as lats, iiour and sugar; to lessen the demand 
OL tne scarcer articles Dy the use of substitutes, as corn meal 
.or iiour; to reauce meat consumption by the observance of 
certain "meatless aays," and so on. In fuel the aim was to 
protect the coiiaumer and relieve, as much as possible, the 
hardships arising from the abnormal situation by the fixing 
of prices and the restricting of coal consumption where in the 
juagment of tne administration it was unnecessary and at the 
expense of the necessities of the community. 

Mr. Nicholas Harper was appointed food administrator 
for Jefferson county by Herbert Hoover, November 24, 1917, 
and served in that capacity throughout the war , administer- 
ing his oft-times unpleasant duties without fear or favor, as 
the files of the local newspapers during that period amply tes- 
tify. In addition to regulating the use of foods he exercised 
authority in the threshing of wheat through the county, pre- 
venting unnecessary delays ; in the prompt moving of wheat to 
market, and in the unloading of food-stuffs from cars, while 
the rationing of sugar was one of his most vexatious problems. 
Mr. Harper was one of those who gave of his time without sal- 
ary and at the expense of his private business, and toward the 
end of his services was commended by Mr. Hoover in an appre- 
ciative message sent through Mr. Barnard, the State food ad- 
ministrator. Mr. Harper's duties ceased December 7, 1919^ 

The Rev. William T. Seburn, of North Madison, was ap- 
pointed fuel administrator for this county November 2, 1917, 
and was honorably discharged from the office February 28, 
1919, throughout which period he served without pay. The 
source material at hand gives a very inadequate idea of Mr. 
Seburn's exact work, and when requested by the historian to 
supply a written sketch of the same he submitted the follow- 
ing very concise statement as to his activities : 

"Fixed prices ; distributed coal ; procured coal ; enforced 
heatless days, lightless nights and gasless Sundays ; provided 

36. 



The Council of Defense. 

wood stations; maintained coal supplies for industries and 
schools; scattered war propaganda; served as chairman of 
four-minute men." 

As a matter of fact the shortage of the coal supply during 
the severe winter of 1917-18 caused much suffering and a debt 
of gratitude is due Mr. Seburn for his earnest efforts to 
relieve that suffering by controlling so far as possible the 
fuel distribution and increasing so far as he could the fuel 
supply. 



VII. ' " 

RAISING MONEY FOR THE WAR. 

The Liberty Loans, Victory Loan and War Saving Stamps 
drives, with which every citizen is familiar, was the govern- 
ment's method of raising directly from the American people 
the vast sums of money necessary to finance our part in the 
world war. All told there were six of these government cam- 
paigns for what was known as the First, Second, Third, Fourth 
and Victory loans, and the War Saving Stamps drive. 

The first Liberty Loan raised the sum then reouired with 
little trouble and in Jefferson County there was no demonstra- 
tion and nothing that could properly be called a "drive." 

Second Liberty Loan. 

This drive was pushed in October, 1917. The sum sot for 
this county to raise was $355,000. One method of securing 
publicity was by the services of volunteer "four minute men" 
who spoke briefly on the subject at churches, at the pic- 
ture theatres, and wherever opportunity offered, thus educat- 
ing the people to the immediate need. Among these speakers 
we find mention of Rev. M. L. Guthneck, Rev. J. W. Turner, 
,Prof. W. Guy Pender, Prof. Homer Long, E. E. Scott, R. L. 
trdand *jid Jo.^. Golf »t^ Mr. Scotfe raised %%1M fey i^ersf^nal 



JefiFerson County in the World War. 

solicitation, and $6,650 were subscribed by the employes of 
the Southeastern Hospital. J. W. Tevis was chairman of the 
Liberty Loan Committee. 

(Third Liberty Loan. 

Was promoted in April, 1918, with J. W. Tevis as director 
of the campaign in Jefferson County, the quota for the county 
this time being $393,500. For obvious reasons these drives, 
making successive demands upon the people at short intervals 
increased the difficulty of raising funds and necessitated a 
corresponding increase of pressure. For the third drive a 
"Women's Department of the Jefferson County Liberty Loan" 
was organized with Mrs. J. W. Tevis as chairman, assisted by 
the following ladies in the various parts of the county : 

City of Madison : Mrs. W. G. Rogers, Mrs. David Johnson, 
Miss Frances Ross, Mrs. T. B. McGregor and Mrs. Oliver H. 
Roe. Graham township, Mrs. Hiram Foster, Deputy. Han- 
over township. Miss Carrie Craig, Hanover. Lancaster town- 
ship, Mrs. Mattie A. Richardson, Dupont. Monroe township, 
Mrs. Chas. E. Irwin, Route 4, Madison. Milton township, Mrs. 
Clifford A. McKay, Brooksburg. Madison township, Mrs. 
John Ledgerwood, R. F.D., Madison. Republican township, 
Miss Mary Hensler, Kent. Smyrna township, Mrs. Walter A. 
Ritchie, Route 6, Madison. Shelby township, Mrs. Jesse F. 
Salyers, Canaan. Saluda township, Mrs. Cordie Monroe Eld- 
ridge, Route 1, Hanover. 

As part of a nation-wide plan preparations were made 
for opening the drive by a demonstration in Madison of ex- 
ceptional magnitude, and this came off on the sixth of April, 
1918. The cardinal feature was one of the biggest parades 
ever held in the city, which marched and counter-marched the 
length of Main street to the music of the Elks and Hanover 
bands. The Home Guards militia, the fraternal orders, the 
Red Cross, the schools and other organizations were represent- 
ed. The school children sang patriotic songs in front of the 
court house and after the parade there was a meeting in the 

38. 



Raising Money for the War. 

court room with speakers and a musical program. 

Elsewhere in the county there were meetings and Liberty 
Loan adresses, and the campaign was given unusual publicity 
by a series of full page ads, contributed by the following firms 
and individuals : J. E. C. F. Harper & Co., The Courier Co., The 
Herald Co., Marks & Benson Co., Madison Light & Railway 
Co., W. H. Miller & Sons, John Knoebel & Son, Daily & Roth 
Co., V/. Trow Co., Madison Safe Deposit & Trust Co., Mrs. 
E. E. Powell, Madison Telephone Co., J. W. Cornett, N. Hor- 
uff & Sons, National Branch Bank, and First National Bank. 

The city of Madison put, $31,500 of its sinking fund into 
the bonds. Juniata Tribe No. 24, L 0. R. M., invested $500, 
and individual members of that order subscribed to the 
amxount of $10,800. The drive continued throughout the 
month of April, closing May 5th, with a subscription of about 
$500,000, every bank in the county exceeding its quota. 

Fourth Liberty Loan. 

This drive opened in Jefferson County at Canaan, Shelby 
Township, on Sunday, September 29th, with Rev. W. VV. Lo- 
gan, J. W. Cornett, E. B. Scott and Jesse Salyers as speakers, 
supplemented by the Elks band for music. It called for $640, 
000 as the county quota — nearly twice that of the third loan, 
and this was subscribed in full after strenuous work by the 
campaign organization, of which J. W. Cornett was chairman, 
with the following assistants: 

District chairman, R. A. McKinley, Jeff ersonville ; vice 
chairman, H. S. Moffett; director of publicity, Walter Cap- 
linger; director of speakers, M. R. Sulzer; director of women, 
Mrs. John W. Tevis ; director of sales, W. H. Miller ; director 
of bankers, John W. Tevis. 

Executive Committee: H. S. Moffett, Elmer E. Scott, 
W. H. Miller, Walter Caplinger and Mrs. John W. Tevis. 

Township Chairmen — men's committee: Graham, Hiram 
Foster; Hanover, Chas. Schmidlap; Lancaster, S. E. O'Neel; 
Madison, Dr. Jas. W. Milligan, Frazier Hitz, W. H. Smith; 

35- 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

Milton, Clifford McKay; Monroe, James Miles; Republican 
Dr. S. A. Whitsitt ; Saluda, Ckas. E. Dean ; Shelby, Jesse Sal- 
yers; Smyrna, Mrs. Walter Ritchie. 

Township Chairmen — women's committee: Graham, 
Mrs. Hiram Foster; Hanover, Miss Carrie Craig; Lancaster, 
Mrs. Officer ; Madison, Mrs. E. G. Philips ; Milton, Miss Lula 
Salyers; Monroe, Mrs. Chas. E. Irwin; Republican, Mrs. Ora 
Fuellino: ; Saluda, Mrs. W. D. Wells ; Shelby, Mrs. Jesse Sal- 
ersy ; Smyrna, Mrs. Walter Ritchie. 

Woman's Committee, city of Madison : Mrs. Oliver Roe, 
Miss Mary Glass, Mrs. Marcus Sulzer, Mrs. W. T. Hafley, Mrs. 
David Johnson, Mrs. J. J. Rapp, Mrs. Champ Kahn, Miss 
Jeanette Wilson and Mrs. H. W. Graham (for D. A. R.). 

As in the third loan, the merchants of Madison liberally 
contributed advertising space in the papers, the donors be- 
ing: Dustin Ely, Lotz Bros., Wm. A. Beerck, R. L. Ireland, 
Sulzer Bros., Chas. Fischer, George Gertz, Peter Petrokos, 
M. Ernst & Co., Jos. Steinhardt, Lodge Hardware Co., C. H. 
Rousch & Co., Cofield-Barber Grocery Co., C. A. Stanton's 
Sons, Madison Insurance Co., Rogers Drug Store, George C. 
Vail & Sons, Inglis Drug Store, F. E. Zepf & Co., Henry 
Schanauer, I^auer Bros., Fred Glass, John Mersdorff, Jacob 
Lucht, Levi Danner, Oscar C. Bear, The Herald Co., Patrick 
Lowry, F. W. Pfortner, F. W. Schneider, The Courier Co. 

Victory Loan. 

The fifth government loan, known as the "Victory 
Loan," the drive for which was pushed in April 1910, was 
made necessary by the aftermath of the war. Though the 
actual fighting was over the expenses were not, by any 
means, and large sums were still required. This time Jeffer- 
son Countv was called upon for S480,000. which amount was 
raised with little trouble through the various banks. 

War Savings Stamps. 

Another method employed by the United States to 



Raising Money for the War. 

raise war funds was by the sale of "War Savings Stamps," 
whereby the small investors could contribute to the financial 
support of the nation. These stamps, which were to be re- 
deemed at the end of five years with accrued interest at the 
rate of 4%, per annum, could be paid for if desired, in 25 
cent instalments, and by this plan it was deemed subscrip- 
tions could be secured from large numbers who could not 
invest in liberty bonds. 

The Jefferson County quota was $409,660, equalling $20 
for every man, woman and child in the county. The cam- 
paign for the first issue was to run for a year, and the news- 
papers were asked to contribute space for publicity during 
that time. A "War Savings Committee" was appointed 
with Senator J. M. Cravens as chairman. Subsequently it 
was re-organized with Prof. W. Guy Pender, the county sup- 
erintendent of schools, as chairman. The various commit- 
tee chairmen were: Joseph M. Cravens, John W. Tevis, E. E. 
Scott, John B. Lawler, E. S. Roberts, Charles Dickerson and 
Homer Long, and their assistants were, Wilbur Cornett, 
Russel K. Wyatt, Thomas McGregor, Charles Dibler, Mrs. 
Florence Wooten and Miss Gertrude Gibson, besides many 
)thers in the different townships whose names the writer 
has been unable to learn. There was a vigorous sub-drive 
for a smaller quota of $51,000, and this ended June 5, over- 
subscribed, Saluda township, under the management of 
Clyde Hutsell, leading the others with $5,656.50. It was es- 
timated that the effort ran the subscriptions up to approx- 
imately $100,000, but this was still far short of the total 
nuota. After a brief interval another drive was launched 
by a method more drastic, perhaps, than anything ever at- 
tempted in this country. What this method was can best 
be shown by the following letter received by Professor Pen- 
der, the county chairman. 

"June 8, 1918. 
"Mv dear Mr. Pender: 

"The plan for the National W. S. Drive on June 28th 



Jefferson County in the World War. , 

provides that a list of all tax payers and wage earners in 
each county must be prepared so that they can be oificially 
notified to attend meetings that are forecast in the procla- 
mation of the President. Your county, other than incor- 
porated towns and cities, should be divided into school dis- 
tricts, and a list of all tax payers and wage-earners, with 
their addresses, immediately prepared. In the cities the 
names should be listed by wards or precincts. These names 
can be obtained from tax assessment sheets, poll books or 
perhaps through employers of labor. The preparation and 
assembling of these lists is made mandatory by a ruling of 
the Treasury Department. 

"As explained at length at the conference in your dis- 
trict, every tax payer and wage earner is expected to pledge 
himself to buy as many stamps as he can pay for during 
the remaining months of the year 1918. All those invited 
by your representative who do not attend the meeting to be 
held the evening of the 28th of June, or if in attendance fail 
to buy stamps or sign the pledge to buy, and do not give a 
satisfactory reason for their failure to do so, which must 
be noted on a pledge card, must immediately be reported by 
you to me, and, under instructions, I shall forward such in- 
formation to the Federal Government. 

"To state the bald truth the Government intends to 
sell, either by direct sale or by pledge, the full quota of 
stamps assigned to the State of Indiana during the course 
of the drive that will terminate on June 28 and, in addition, 
will use the National W. S. S. Drive to determine definitely 
those who are slackers. You may understand that this 
elaborate machinery for ascertaining who are 100% Ameri- 
cans and who are not, has not been constructed without a 
serious end in view. 

"Will you, with the assistance of your committee, im- 
mediately make the necessary preparations to secure these 
lists so that the preliminary work may be speedily complet- 
ed and you will be able, without delay, to send post cards 

'42. 



Raising Money for the War. 

(which we furnish) notifying your tax payers and wage 
earners of the time and place and purpose of the meeting 
the evening of June 28th. 

"Cordially yours, 
** (Signed) FRANK E. HERING, 

"Vice-Director." 

Whatever disapproval there may have been of this co- 
ercive experiment the concentrated drive which was carried 
out June 28 resulted in an over-subscription, running the 
total up to about $425,000, as stated by Chairman Pender. 

War Library Campaign. 

In September, 1917, a drive was made for a "War Li- 
brary" fund, to provide reading matter for the soldiers. 
Jefferson County's quota was $400 and a committee consist- 
ing of W. 0. Ford, Curtis Marshall, W. H. Miller and J. W. 
Cornett was appointed by the Madison Library Board to so- 
licit money for this purpose. On September 26 they report- 
ed having raised $148 from thirty-eight subscribers. 

NOTE — In all these campaigns service of one kind or 
another was rendered by so many that it is not possible to 
secure a full list of those who deserve to be mentioned. 

DRIVES FOR AUXILIARY AGENCIES. 

A distinguishing development of the world war was the 
active cooperation of a number of civilian agencies, acting 
on their own initiative, that applied their energies to keep- 
ing up the morale of the soldiers by making easier the hard 
conditions of life in camp and in the field. 

Of these agencies the ones publicly recognized were, the 
Red Cross, Young Men's Christian Association, Young Wo- 
men's Christian Association, Salvation Army, Knights of 
Columbus, Jewish Welfare League, War Camp Community 
Service and American Library Association. 

While these over-lapped more or less in their functions, 

43. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

each aimed to occi«py a distinct field. The services of the 
Red Cross on the battlefield and its work throughout the 
land contributed to by women everywhere, are familiar to 
all. The Y. M. C. A is well known for its *'huts" established 
in every camp as a home-like social center for the men. The 
Knights of Columbus and the Jewish Welfare League main- 
tained the same kinds of centers primarily for the benefit 
of Catholics and Jews. The Library Association established 
attractive and comfortable reading rooms and libraries in 
the cantonments. The Salvation Army gained a warm place 
in the hearts of the soldiers by catering to their physical 
comforts at the front. The Y. W. C. A. also provided rooms 
and comforts. The Camp Community Service had for one 
of its aims the establishment of social relations between the 
soldiers in camp and the citizens of adjacent towns, thus 
relieving the irksomeness and the temptations that accom- 
pany camp life. This, it should be said, is but an approxi- 
mate description of their aims and activities. 

The United War Drive. 

The "United JVar Drive" was for funds to be divided 
among all of the agencies named with the exception of the Red 
Cross, which preferred to depend upon its own financial cam- 
paigns. It fixed a quota of something like $26,000 for Jeffer- 
son County and set its canvass for November 11, 1918, the plan 
being to "go over the top" in one day's drive, if possible, and to 
that end a county-wide organization was formed with Elmer 
E. Scott as county chairman. Mr. Scott's assistants, appoint- 
ed by him, were : Jos. R. Colgate, director of city canvass ; W. 
H. Miller, chairman special committee ; W. Guy Pender, chair- 
man rural campaign; C. G. Dickerson, publicity director; 
Robert Yunker, publicity department ; Mrs. Walter Caplinger, 
director of women's organization ; Graham Ross, director of 
transportation ; M. R. Sulzer, speakers' bureau ; J. W. Cornett, 
treasurer; Joe L. Schofield and John C» Finch, directors ef faG'= 

14; 



Raising Money for the War. 

tory canvass ; Mrs. E. B. Sheldon, director of Victory Girls ; 
liarry H. ISiodgill, director of Victory Boys. 

Mr. Colgate as city chairman appointed the following 
chairmen to serve in the respective wards: First ward: pre- 
cinct 1, Kichard Johnson; precinct 2, I. L. Stern and George T. 
Mayf ield ; precinct 3, J. J. Kasper. Second ward : precinct 1, 
Mrs. Champ Kahn, Miss Kronenberger ; precinct 2, Miss Geor- 
gme' I'unker; precinct 3, Miss Jeanette Wilson, Mrs. F. M. 
Harper. Third ward : precinct 1, Mrs. W. O. McLelland ; pre- 
cinct 2, Earl Miller; precinct 3, George Austermuhl. 

Prof. V/. G. Pender named the following chairmen in the 
various townships: Graham, Hiram Foster; Hanover, Frank 
Craig; Lancaster, F. 0. Hoyt; Madison, Earl Storms and Geo. 
Sherlocke ; Monroe, John Paugh ; Milton, Frank Tevis and Al- 
bert Rogers; Republican, O. P. Temperly; Saluda, Dr. R. A. J. 
McKeand; Smyrna, Waiter Ritchie and David Judkins; Shel- 
by, Jesse Salyers. 

Preliminary meetings to stir the people up were held over 
the county, and Prof. Horace Ellis, State Superintendent of 
Public Instructions, visited Madison and gave an address at 
Trinity church, but Jefferson was one of the counties that 
failed to "go over the top" in one day's drive. The signing of 
the armistice and the prevailing feeling that "the war was 
over" and there was no further urgent need for funds, un- 
doubtedly made the task more difficult. 

Another effort was put forth. Those having the work in 
hand reinforced by Rev. W. T. Seburn, Nicholas Harper, B. H. 
Doddridge, Earl Storm, Rev. W. W. Logan, William Ogden. 
James Green, H. H. Stodgill, W. H. Miller and Rev. S. R. 
McAlpin pushed the campaign desperately and reached the 
goal on November 27th. 

Knights of CoIambHs Drives. 

Before the attempt was made to raise a general fund by 
the plan of the United War Drive, three of the agencies in that 
combination, the Knights of Columbus, the Y. M. C. A., and 

45. 



Jefiferson County in the World War. 

the Y. W. C. A., conducted their separate campaigns in Jef- 
ferson County. 

Madison Council 934, Knights of Columbus, made can- 
vasses in July of 1917 and in May of 1918. The first of these 
was conducted with but little publicity and $500 was raised 
by pulpit appeals in tho' four Catholic parishes of the county. 
The working committee on that occasion consisted of Joseph 
Steinhardt, J. J. Kasper, William H. Horuff and F. J. Schram. 
The second drive, during the week of May 6-14, aimed to se- 
cure $2000 and there was a fuller organization than before. 
The committee workers, as given by Mr. Joseph Steinhardt, 
Grand Knight of the order, were: 

General Committee — Joseph Steinhardt, chairman; Wm. 
H. Horuif, J. J. Kasper, H. V. Keller, John L. Voll, Geo. A. 
Zepf, Wm. R. Zepf, Wm. A. Beerck, C. G. Hunger, H. G. 
Schneider, G. J. Hummell. 

Campaign Committee — J. J. Kasper, chairman; Wm. H. 
Horuff, Wm. A. Beerck, F. J. Schram, H. G. Schneider, Jos. 
Kennison. 

Publicity Committee — J. B. Niesse, chairman; Leo B. 
Schroeder, Wm. H. Zepf. 

Committee on Lists and Quotas — Charles N. Horuff, 
chairman; Wm. A. Beerck, H. V. Keller. 

Preliminary Gifts Committee — Rev. M. L. Guthneck, 
chairman; J. J. Kasper, Wm. H. Horuff, Rev. Chas. Bilger, 
Rev. Chas. Gerdon. 

Parish Team — St. Mary's and St. Anthony's Churches: 
Geo. A. Zepf, chairman; John L. Voll, Henry G. Schneider. 

Parish Team— St. Michael's and St. Patrick's Churches: 
F. J. Schram, chairman; Geo. J. Hummel, Jos. Kennison. 

"Madison Council 934 Knights of Columbus," says Mr, 
Steinhardt, "had taken liberty bonds and assisted in every 
drive that was made in the city of Madison and Jefferson 
County." 

;46. 



Raising Money for the War. 

Y. M, C. A. Drives. 

The Young Men's Christian Association was one of the 
agencies that organized for war work soon after hostilities 
began. On May 18, 1917, a meeting was held at the Madison 
city hall, addressed by Thomas E. Davidson, a visiting organ- 
izer. The object was a "whirlwind campaign" to raise in the 
county $1,200 for Y. M. C. A. work. The personnel of the 
local organization resulting from this meeting was as fol- 
lows: 

Press Committee — M. C. Garber, chairman ; John Niesse, 
Curtis Marshall, Frank M. Harper, H. W. Graham. 

Pulpit Committee — Rev. B. E. Antrobus, chairman; 
Father M. L. Guthneck, Rev. J. W. Turner, Rev. Broadwell, 
Dr. W. A. Millis, Rev. J. W. Moody, Rev. B. Arends. 

Executive Committee — Robt. F. Stanton, chairman; J. 
W. Tevis, Elmer E. Scott, James E. Crozier, Robt. L. Ireland, 
Jos. M. Cravens, John McGregor, J. W. Cornett, Chas. N. 
Horuff, Charles Cravens, Dr. H. S. Hatch, John B. Lawler. 

Dr. J. W. Milligan was permanent chairman of the or- 
ganization; James Atwell, secretary and J. W. Cornett, treas- 
urer. 

The campaign was launched by a "flying squadron" tour- 
ing the county in automobiles and giving addresses at the 
rural churches. The speakers, as published in the papers, 
were Messrs. M. C. Garber, W. 0. Ford. H. H. Cope, Joseph 
M. Cravens, P. E. Bear, Homer Long, M. D. Wilson, E. E. 
Scott, Curtis Marshall, John McGregor, John Matthews, R. L. 
Ireland and Byron Mouser, and the churches from which 
contributions were secured, as reported by the treasurer, 
were : 

Olive Branch, $5.85; Hopewell Baptist, $11.47; North 
Madison, Baptist, $1.95; Kent M. E., $21.85; Wirt Baptist, 
$17.20; Jefferson Presbyterian, $7.81; Canaan M. E., $3.19; 
Mt. Zion M. E., $35.60; Rykers Ridge Baptist, $34.25; Lib- 
erty (Republican Township), $6.61; North Madison Chris- 

47. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

tian (sum not reported) ; Monroe Presbyterian, $8.30 ; Car* 
mel United Presbyterian, $10.50; Mt. Zion, Paynesville, $5.00; 
Pisgah M. E., $6.50; Dupont M. E. and Baptist (partial), 
$92.40; Hebron Baptist, $31.80; Brooksburg M. E., $8.00; 
Home M. E., 80 cents ; Morris Chapel, $6.00 ; Smyrna Presby- 
terian, $19.73; Kent Baptist, $10.65; Trinity M. E., Madison, 
$45.65; Grace M .E., Madison, $17.00; First Presbyterian, 
Madison, $92.35; Second Presbyterian, Madison, $50.00; 
Canaan Baptist (sum not reported) ; Hanover M. E., $6.00 ; 
Caledonia United Presbyterian (sum not reported). The total 
receipts of the drive were reported as $1,262.56. 

During the week beginning November 11, 1917, the Y. 
M. C. A. pushed another campaign for funds, the quota for 
Jefferson County this time being $5,000. An initial meeting 
at Trinity Church, Madison, Sunday, November 11, was ad- 
dressed by Lieutenant William Cochran and L. W. Bellamy, 
and one held at the city hall the following evening for the 
purpose of launching the drive had for the chief speaker J. 
W. Lilly, of Indianapolis. Elmer E. Scott was made chairman, 
Joseph R. Colgate, secretary and J. W. Cornett treasurer 
of the county organization, and these with the addition of 
Curtis Marshall and W. H. Miller constituted the executive 
committee. The township chairmen were: Graham, Hon. 
Hiram Foster; Hanover, Dr. W. A. Millis; Lancaster, Rev. 
W. C. Marshall; Milton, H. S. Merrill; Monroe, John Paugh 
and John S. Murphy; Republican, Rev. Joseph Cooper and 
Dr. S. A. Whitsett; Saluda, Mrs. Cordie M. Eldridge; Shelby, 
Jesse Salyers; Smyrna, V. K. Officer. Rykers Ridge was 
represented by R. H. Wood and North Madison by C. G. 
Boerner. 

As before, meetings were held all over the county, with a 
large local working group in each township. The campaign 
lasted a month instead of a week, but it closed before mid- 
December over-subscribed by more than a thousand dollars, 
the total sum raised being $6,157.95. 

, 48. 



Raising Money for the War. 

Y. W. C. A. Drive. 

In the early part of December 1917, the Young Women's 
Christian Association launched a drive for funds, the quota 
for Jetferson County being $600. Comparatively little pub- 
licity was given it, and it took longer than the time set to ac- 
complish the end sought, but the campaign closed with $005.55 
raised. It was a work of women for women. Those who 
participated were — Mrs. Elias Scott, county chairman; Mrs. 
Elmer Scott, vice-chairman, and Mrs. Homer Long, county 
secretary, with the following township chairmen: Graham, 
Miss Lucy Robertson; Hanover, Mrs. J. H. LaBach; Lancas- 
ter, Mrs. W. C. Marshall ; Madison, Mrs. R. H. Wood ; Milton, 
Mrs. Clillord McKay; Monroe, Mrs. Geo. Mickel; Republican, 
Mrs. Ora Fuelling; Saluda, Mrs. Cordie Eldridge; Smyrna, 
Mrs. Walter Ritchie; Shelby, Mrs. Jesse Salyers. 

The war work of the Y. W. C. A., is set forth in a publish- 
ed statement, which we quote: 

"A few of the specific things for which the Y. W. C. A., 
will use its funds are hostess houses in military cantonments 
and for centers where girls are enlisted in special war indus- 
tries, many of these having no local association. A bureau 
of social morality is to be established. A^feature of the Y. 
W. C. A. war work is to maintain a staff of the ablest women 
physicians to cooperate with a committee on social morality, 
to give instructions to mothers and girls in sex education, and 
to aid them in holding to safe moral standards in war time. 
Attention is also to be given to over-worked and under-fed 
women of France and other allied nations, and social centers 
and comforts will be established for the American nurses in 
the base hospitals of France." 

Red Cross Drives. 

Of the various auxiliary agencies that "helped win the 
war" by civilian service the Red Cross was far and away the 
most active and the most important one in Jefferson County, 
and it was the one most liberally contributed to by our people, 

49. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

both in money and free service. 

Its beginning in Madison dates back to November, 1914, 
when the John Paul chapter of the D. A. R. took the initiative 
in assuming Red Cross work for the aid of European war suf- 
ferers, and through that organization considerable service was 
rendered. Soon after our entrance ,into the war the ques- 
tion of establishing a Red Cross chapter here came to the fore 
and a charter was secured from the national organization. 
The parties instrumental in getting the charter were, Mrs. 
George E. Trow, Miss Mary Hill, Wm. L. Hill, Rev. M. L. Guth- 
neck, Judge Griffith, Clifford McKay, Dr. Milligan, M. C. Gar- 
ber, John W. Tevis, M. R. Sulzer, Richard Johnson and Miss 
Caroline Blankinship, the first two circulating the necessary 
petition and the others being signers to it. 

On June 16, 1917, the first campaign for members was 
launched by a meeting atJ the court house where Governor 
Goodrich was the main speaker. One of the Red Cross meth- 
ods of raising funds was by a membership renewed annually, 
with a fee of one dollar, and this first drive was for 7,000 mem- 
bers in this county. The publicity and the appeals were more 
persistent and varied than those of any of the other agencies. 
None other claimed as much space in the daily papers through- 
out the war period ; churches and moving picture theatres 
were utilized as speaking places ; there were lawn fetes, enter- 
tainments and other "benefits," too numerous to specify. 
Meetings were held in the outlying townships and on August 9 
the streets of Madison were enlivened by a Red Cross parade 
in which the familiar snow-white uniform with the scarlet 
svmbol was varied by the khaki of Companv I. marching in 
military array, and by floats and decorated autos and fire 
trucks. The D. A. R., Kings Pan crh tors. Current Events Cinb 
and Sunday-school pupils partioinatod in this d^rvionptratioTi, 
f»s did delegations from branch orn-anizations at Kent, Pleasant 
Ridp-p. Manville and North Madison. 

The result of this drive was far short of the 7,000 aimed 



50. 



Raising Money for the War. 

at, and in January of 1918, a second drive was launched with 
the more modest quota of 4,500 set as the goal. Among oth- 
er features of this campaign speaking committees visited 
all the factories and other establishments employing num- 
bers of workmen in the effort to make them "solid Red Cross," 
and the Junior Red Cross was organized in the schools, with 
a fee of twenty-five cents per juvenile member. 

This particular drive waned to a finish after much stren- 
uous pushing about January 12, having attained a total mem- 
bership of something like 5,000. In February another source 
of revenue was tapped by the conducting of a "tobacco drive" 
by a score or so of ladies captained by Miss Georgine Yunker. 
These solicited "sticks" of tobacco as donations from tobacco 
growers as the latter came to the warehouses with their pro- 
duction. This sub-campaign lasted for some time and result- 
ed in the raising of $1,945.99 from the sale of the tobacco 
thus given. 

In May there was another drive and in September a big 
fair was held in the Farmers' Tobacco Warehouse, at Madison, 
in which the various townships participated, and where live- 
stock, vegetables, canned goods and other articles were auc- 
tioned off. The returns from this enterprise was the neat 
5um of $4,665.42. 

FINANCIAL (RESUME AND ANALYSIS. 

In the matter of financial tax this community was, dur- 
ing the war period, subjected to a strain wholly unprecedent- 
ed. Jefferson is one of the poorer counties, the ratio of prop- 
erty values to local expenditures for government making a 
tax rate at or near the maximum limit ; and it is not a com- 
munity of many wealthy individuals. Moreover it is a con- 
servative population, not easily persuaded to expend money 
for untried things ; yet under the stress of the times and of 
vigorous campaigning this population of 20,000 parted with 
at least $54,000 in clear gifts and loaned to the government 
for war purposes more than $2,000,000, This money was 
distributed as follows: 

51. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

Second Liberty Loan, $355,000; Third Loan, $393,000; 
Fourth Loan, $640,000 ; Victory Loan, $439,000 ; War Saving 
Stamps, $425,000; War Library fund, $148; Knights of Col- 
umbus, $2,600 ; Y. M. C. A., $7,420 ; Y. W. C. A., $605 ; United 
War Drive, $26,599; Red Cross, $16,87L64. 

This is but an approximate estimate of the money con- 
tributed by the community. The returns as reported in the 
newspapers make it this much, and there were numerous 
minor enterprises — suppers, dances, entertainments and 
what not, that were not part of any of the activities above 
classed. And the strain, both in the matter of money and of 
personal service, was a drastic test. Scarce was one solicita- 
tion over with than another followed and sometimes two or 
three drives were all appealing at once. In spite of the in- 
numerable speeches that were supposed to illuminate the 
various phases of the situation, it seems probable that very 
many never understood clearly just why there should be so 
many appeals. Why, for example, there should be so many 
auxiliary organizations in the field, some of them doing the 
same things. The note struck so frequently by all of them 
that they were for the purpose of increasing and keeping up 
the morale of the army in the field was rather abstract for 
popular appreciation. Whether the slogan, "give till it quits 
hurting" worked out, or whether the public became somewhat 
educated to the standards and the moral vision of the Red 
Cross and other auxiliaries, it would be hard to say, but as 
a matter of fact as the end of the war came in sight, though 
the moral obligations to our men remained just as binding, 
the difficulties of raising funds steadily increased. This dif- 
ficulty was true of the United War Drive, the Victory Loan 
and the later campaigns of the Red Cross. 



52. 



• VIII. 

RED CROSS WAR WORK. 

The Red Cross "chapter" which was the local organiza- 
tion in each county, carried on two lines of work — the war 
work and the "Home Service." The first meant the activities 
in which so many women throughout the land were engaged 
— the preparing of surgical supplies and the making of gar- 
ments and other articles for the comfort and convenience of 
the men at the front or in the hospitals. The other was, as 
the name adopted indicated, a service to those at home, and 
concerned itself with the families of the soldiers and sailors. 

The first war work done, as said before, was prior to our 
entering the war, when several boxes of clothing, a barrel of 
"comfort bags," and other articles were made and donated 
by the women of Madison. Also, French orphans were adopt- 
ed by the following persons and groups: 

Kings Daughters Circle, North Madison, one orphan for 
2 years; Mrs. Edward E. Powell, two for 2 years; Daily & 
Roth clerks, one for 3 years ; First Presbyterian Church mis- 
sionary society, one for 1 year; Second Presbyterian Church 
missionary society, one for 2 years ; Mrs. Elizabeth R. Trow, 
one for 2 years; Miss Frances Ross, one for 1 year; Mrs. 
Jennie V. Johnson, one for 1 year; John Paul chapter, D. A. R., 
one for 2 years ; Madison Lodge No, 21, Knights of Pythias, 
one for indefinite period ; J. W. Cornett and Miss Agnes Cor- 

nett, three for ; Twelve Friends, one for 2 years ; Child- 

ren of public schools of Madison (sale of tin-foil) one for 2 
years; Camp Fire Girls, two for 2 years; Friends, three for 
2 years. 

The authority to form a Red Cross chapter was granted 
May 1, 1917, the organization to be known as "The Jefferson 
County (Ind.) Chapter," and to have for its jurisdiction the 
whole county. 

Branches and auxiliaries established at different times 
throughout the county to make the work county-wide, were 

\ 53. 



Jeflferson County in the World War. 

Manville, Hanover and Kent, July 1917 ; Deputy and Brooks- 
burg, September 1917; Cragmont, November 1917; Bryants- 
burg, January 1918; Dupont, Saluda and Home Chapel, Feb- 
ruary 1918; Canaan, March 1918; Monroe church and Mid- 
dlefork. May 1918; Smyrna, June 1918; Wirt, September 
1918; Pleasant Ridge, Mt. Pleasant Church, North Madison 
and Rykers Ridge, dates not ascertained. 

The report covering the work accomplished from June 
1917, to April 1919, i& as follows: 

Knitted articles sent to Cleveland divisional headquar- 
ters: Sweaters, 808; socks, 1,880 pairs; mufflers, 83; wrist- 
lets, 156 pairs ; helmets, 55. 

Knitted articles sent to Camp Shelby and Camp Zachary 
Taylor, for Jefferson County soldiers: Sweaters, 68; socks, 
109 pairs; helmets, 91; wristlets, 82 pairs. 

Other articles shipped: Surgical dressings, 73,545; hos- 
pital supplies, 10,838; filled comfort kits, 75; refugee gar- 
ments, 1,397; layettes, 43; linen shower, 810 articles. 

In three drives for old clothes for refugees, under Mrs. 
Margaret Stapp and Miss Leah Kronenberger, the results 
were: First drive, three large boxes; second drive, 1980 
pounds; third drive, 890 pounds. 

It must be remembered that this output was contributed 
by the branches over the county as well as by the central 
organization in Madison. The records show returns from 
Rykers Ridge, Hanover, Manville, Deputy, North Madison, 
Brooksburg, Dupont, Kent, Pleasant Ridge, Mt. Pleasant 
Church, Home Church, Bryantsburg, Saluda, Canaan, Monroe 
Church, Middlefork and Cragmont, the seven first named be- 
ing in the lead. 

School children, also, with Miss Mary Frances Hargan 
as director, sent in much sewing of the simpler kind in 1919, 
and later an attempt to organize the Junior Red Cross result- 
ed in contributions, chiefly from the Madison and Dupont 
schools. 



54. 



The Red Cross. 

HOME SERVICE SECTION. 

The Home Service department of the Red Cross had for 
its aim, as before said, the amelioration of the hardships 
frequently suffered by families of soldiers and sailors by reas- 
on of the men being called into the service. The situation 
thus created, common to all wars, was made much more com- 
plicated than ever before in this country by policies or meth- 
ods hitherto untried. For example, the government for the 
first time assumed a jurisdiction over its men as to their 
family responsibilities. If a man was married the support 
of his family was made compulsory, and this was accomplish- 
ed by withholding a part of his monthly pay as an "allot- 
ment." If he had other dependents, such as parents, they 
would be provided for in the same way if he chose. In addi- 
tion to this allotment out of his wages he could apply for an 
"allowance," which was a clear gift of money from the gov- 
ernment, to be added to the allotment. The government sim- 
plified the matter for the soldier by paying him his wage less 
the amounts deducted and forwarding to his dependents what 
was due them. The system was complicated by a varying 
schedule of the sums that could be drawn by dependents of 
different classes. 

There was also a system of life insurance and compen- 
sation for disabilities, the latter with its sliding schedule, 
and a plan for rehabilitation and vocational training of men 
injured in the service, all of which added vastly to the enor- 
mous bulk of business assumed by the government. When 
these several systems came to be worked out in practice with 
an army that numbered into the millions, some in this coun- 
try, some across the ocean, and all in a state of flux and 
change, the task proved truly herculean; and when in addi- 
tion the vastly increased army of government employes in 
the clerical work was of necessity a large percentage ineffic- 
ient the difficulties seemed insuperable. 

The chief and most acute trouble that ensued was the 
frequent failure of dependents to receive their allotments and 

55. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

allowances with anything like promptness and in many an 
instance a wife and children went for months without in- 
come. Had there been no relief agency it is obvious that in 
very many cases these families would simply have been de- 
pendent upon charity until their money would finally come. 
Also, insurance, compensation and other phases of business 
had their difficulties of adjustment. 

Thus the Red Cross, wise enough to foresee these con- 
tingencies, established its branch of "Home Service" for the 
primary purpose of seeing to it that the dependents of sol- 
diers and sailors should not suffer, whatever the contingon- 
cy. Its argument was that not only was this in accordance 
with the higher standard of justice to which we had grown, 
but that relief to the men from family worries would be the 
greatest of all factors in keeping up morale. The real and 
direct usefulness of the Red Cross in its Home Service, as 
well as in its other functions, to the government is implied by 
the close inter-working of the two, this agency receiving gov- 
ernmental recognition accorded to no other. 

The work of the Home Service Section did not cease with 
the signing of the armistice nor even with the return of the 
men to their families, for not only did the same troubles con- 
tinue during the period of demobilization, but questions of 
compensation, bonuses, liberty bonds and other matters that 
were bewildering to a great many of the men have had to be 
dealt with up to the present time, and it is only fair to say 
that much of the confusion would never be straightened out 
but for the services of the Red Cross. 

As stated elsewhere the Home Service was organized in 
February of 1918 with Mrs. W. O. McLclland as chairman 
and Mrs. Elizabeth Rea as secretary. The records show that 
between April, 1918, and November, 1919, about 964 cases 
were handled and money relief had been given to the amount 
of $759.58. The services rendered have been: Helping to ad- 
just allotments and allowances: Tracing liberty bonds; Re- 
bates from the government; Requests for clothing (uni- 

56. 



The Red Cross. 

forms, equipments, etc.) ; Requests for men's discharge from 
service ; Insurance (collecting and re-insuring) ; Applications 
for vocational training; Hospital treatment; Information, 
investigation and other assistance usually given by Home 
Service. , ' 11 ^ 

The work is still carried on and instead of decreasing it 
now requires the full time of a trained and paid secretary, 
Miss Cora Mullen, who since November 18, 1919, has occupied 
the position. Prior to that Miss Mullen had also served as 
volunteer corresponding secretary. 

This organization also was instrumental in establishing 
the canteen service and a Red Cross hospital in the Elks' 
Home in November of 1918, during the influenza epidemic. 
In this hospital 165 patients were cared for. 

RED CROSS CANTEEN. 

The Red Cross Canteen was organized in September, 
1918, by young women of Madison, all members of the Emma 
Scott Circle of Kings Daughters. The purpose of this group 
was to "do its bit" by cheerful little services to the home 
soldiers as opportunity offered. Those boys who entrained 
after the above date have sunny recollections of the Re J 
Cross "bunch" in their smart, tidy uniforms, who served 
them, without money and without price, with chocolate and 
fruits, and also with stamped postcards and pencils as remind- 
ers to drop word back to their folks as soon as they arrived at 
their destination. When Battery E., after the war, returned 
in a body, the Red Cross girls were among the Urst to welcome 
them. 

The Canteen continued its work until early 1919, and 
on its disbandment turned into the Red Cross about twenty- 
five dollars which it had made by selling paper shopping 
bags. The girls furnished their own uniforms. 



57. 



IX. 

RED CROSS WORKERS. 

Those who contributed personal volunteer service to the 
Red Cross were so numerous that to mention all by name is 
impossible and if in the following lists there are omissions 
they are unintentional. 

The original chapter officers were: Chairman, Rev. J. 
W. Turner; vice-chairman, Rev. M. L. Guthneck; secretary, 
Miss Cora Mullen; treasurer, J. W. Cornett; directors. Dr. J, 
W. Turner, J. W. Cornett, Curtis Marshall, Mrs. W. 0. McLel- 
land, Mrs. E. B. Sheldon, M. C. Garber, W. A. Guthrie, Rev. 
M. L. Guthneck, Dr. W. A. Millis, Dr. J. M. Milligan, Mrs. 
Elizabeth Trow, Miss Cora Mullen, Clifford McKay, W. L. 
Hill, Edward Roberts, Mrs. Ora Fuelling, Charles HorulF, Jas. 
E. Crozier, Richard Johnson, Miss A. Almond and Mrs. Eliz- 
abeth Rea. Subsequent changes in the board of directors in- 
cluded in that body Rev. W. W. Logan, J. L. Schafield, Jesse 
Salyers, E. E. Scott, Prof. Guy Pender and Miss Carolyn 
Ford. In January, 1919, Rev. W. W. Logan succeeded Rev. 
J. W. Turner as chairman of the chapter, and Miss Carolyn 
Ford was elected secretary succeeding Miss Mullen, resigned. 
Later Herbert Lyon became treasurer in place of J. W. Cor- 
nett, resigned. 

The Home Service branch of the chapter was formed in 
February, 1918, with Mrs. W. 0. McLelland chairman and 
Mrs. Elizabeth Rea executive secretary. J. W. Cornett, Dr. 
Geo. E. Denny, H. H. Cope and Joseph Schofield completed 
the committee. 

The committee in charge of shops prior to our entrance 
into the war consisted of Mrs. Elizabeth Trow, Miss Mary 
Hill and Mrs. Samuel M. Ford. After June, 1917, Mrs. Trow 
was chairman with Miss Margaret Harper as secretary and 
Miss Agnes Cornett treasurer. 

The Surgical Dressings work had for supervisor Mrs. G. 
W. Rains, instructors being Mrs. J. L. Schofield, Mrs. W. L. 

58. 



The Red Cross. 

Luckett, Mrs. A. W. Glauber, Miss Mary Hill, Miss Carolyn 
Ford, Miss Agnes Cornett, Miss Emma Stanley, and Miss 
Caroline Blankinship, with Mrs. Ora B. Fuelling, instructor 
for the Kent branch. Chairmen of knitting committees were, 
Mrs. S. M. Ford and Mrs. M. C. Garber. 

Three drives for old clothing for refugees were conduct- 
ed by Mrs. Margaret Stapp and Miss Leah Kronenber- 
ger, and a "linen shower" by Mrs. A. M. Graham. 

The personnel of the sewing and garment shop was: 
Chairman, Mrs. Margaret M. Stapp ; vice-chairman, Mrs. Geo. 
Gabel ; cutting committee, Mrs. Emma Middleton, Mrs. Frank 
Eckert, Mrs. Clarence Oliver, Miss Barbara Keller and Miss 
Margaret Mullen. Miss Mary Horuff had charge of the sew- 
ing room and Miss Sallie Gallagher was chairman for the snip 
pillow work. 

Mrs. Nicholas Harper was chairman of the committee 
that took in hand the influenza situation, and Miss Helen 
Lauer was chairman of the canteen service, with the follow- 
ing co-workers: Miss Bess Davison, Miss Anne Harper, Mrs. 
M. H. Cochrane, Jr., Miss Gladys Grayson, Mrs, Glen Forry, 
Mrs. Melvin Blackard, Miss Agnes Donlan, Mrs. Alvin Hol- 
sclaw. Miss Antoinette Keller, Miss Lillian Shaughnessy, Miss 
Gertrude Rousch and Miss Frieda Lotz. Other members of 
the Emma Scott Circle of the Kings Daughters also aided in 
the canteen work. 

Miss Katherine Mullen, Miss Georgine Yunker, Mrs. Wm. 
G. Rogers, Mrs. Champ Kahn, Miss Leah Kronenberger, Mrs. 
H. B. Foster, Miss Mary Pitcher and the Kings Daughters 
contributed in various ways to the entertainments and other 
enterprises for the benefit of the Red Cross. Mrs. Charles 
Hillabold, Miss Mary Hill, Mrs. Frank Eckert, Mrs. John In- 
glis, Mrs. A. M. Graham, Mrs. Elias J. Scott, Mrs. J. R. Col- 
gate, Mrs. John W. Tevis, and Miss Mabel Housefield conduct- 
ed a Red Cross booth at the Chautauqua grounds, August 5 
to 12, 1917, and in the "tobacco drive" of February, 1918, 
previously referred to, were Miss Georgine Yunker, Mrs. W.- 

59. 



Jeflferson County in the World War. 

G. Rogers, Miss Helen Johnson, Miss Corinne Johnson, Miss 
Madeline Laidley, Mrs. R. W. Cochran, Mrs. H. W. Graham, 
Mrs. Fred Herbst, Mrs. Samuel Boyd, Mrs. W. Luckett, Miss 
Agnes Cornett, Miss Frances Ross, Miss Adelaide Jones, Mrs. 
Chas. Hillabold, Mrs. Thomas McGregor, Mrs. Chas. Craw- 
ford, Mrs. Oliver Roe, Mrs. Elmer E. Scott, Mrs. Otto Rott, 
Miss Lide White, Mrs. J. J. Rapp,. Mrs. W. O. McLelland, Mrs. 
John Clements, Mrs. G. E. Simpson and Mrs. Gale Crozier. 

The fifteen Red Cross branches and auxiliaries through- 
out the county were organized as follows: 

Brooksburg: Chairman, Mrs. Armetta B. Calvert; vice- 
chairman, Miss Nancy McKay; treasurer, Clifford McKay; 
secretary, Mrs. Lulie A. Brooks. 

Bryantsburg: Chairman, Miss Hallie Royce; treasurer, 
Miss Mayme Chambers; secretary, Mrs. John S. Murphy. 

Canaan : Chairman, Mrs. Marion Wilkins ; vice-chairman, 
Mrs. Lydia Land; treasurer, Thomas Buchanan; secretary, 
Mrs. B. 0. Cornwall. 

Cragmont: Chairman, Dr. Frances G. Hankins; treasur- 
er, Harry A. Fries; secretary, Mrs. J. M. Milligan. 

Deputy: Chairman, Mrs. Dell Robertson; vice-chairman, 
Mrs. Hiram Foster; treasurer, F. A. Anderson; secretary, 
Merle Hord. 

Dupont: Chairman, Mrs. W. M. O'Neel; vice-chairman, 
Mrs. Mattie Richardson; treasurer, Miss Agnes E. Wilson; 
secretary, Mrs. Vincent Shepherd. 

Hanover: Chairman, H. M. Rogers; vice-chairman, Mrs. 
Chas. Schmidlapp; treasurer, Dr. Carl Henning; secretary. 
Miss Jennie G. Lee. 

Home Chapel: Chairman, Mrs. Minnie Brooks; treasur- 
er, Mrs. Christine Demaree; secretary, Stanley Demaree. 

Kent: Chairman, Mrs. Jessie G. Crosby; vice-chairman, 
Mrs. Ora Fuelling; treasurer, Miss Ada Mount; secretary. 
Miss Mary Hensler. 

Manville: Chairman, Mrs. Thomas Pomanel*ehn; treas- 
ijirer, Mrs. Martin Brown; secretary, Mrs. James Sheets. 

s 

60. 



The Red Cross. 

Middlefork: Chairman, Mrs. Ethel Craig; treasurer, 
George H. Dryden ; secretary, Miss Edith Harrell. 

Monroe Church: Chairman, Mrs, Emma Nicklaus; treas- 
urer, Mrs. Rose Wilson ; secretary, Mrs. Beatrice Elliott. 

Saluda: Chairman, Mrs. Eva B. Wells; treasurer, Mrs. 
Mabelle Mills ; secretary. Miss Ora Hearn. 

Smyrna : Chairman, Mrs. E. Jeffries ; vice-chairman, Mrs. 
J. Underwood ; treasurer, Mrs. J. Borcherding ; secretary. Miss 
Mary Officer. 

Wirt: Chairman, Mrs. J. D. Bramwell; vice-chairman, 
Mrs. John Corya; treasurer, C. B. Hoefling; secretary, Miss 
Hazel Black. 

In the various Red Cross drives many men and women 
gave freely of their time as speakers and canvassers and in 
other capacities. To secure a complete list of them is now 
impossible, but it would include the following: 

Elmer E. Scott, chairman of the various drives; Rev. J. 
W. Turner, Rev. W. W. Logan, Nicholas Harper, Chas. N. 
Horuff, L. E. Hitz, Richard Johnson, Geo. Schwab, Geo. A. 
Monroe, Robt. Yunker, Graham Ross, Howard Graham, W. 
G. Rogers, R. L. Ireland, Walter Caplinger, Edward Reed, 
Jas. Wood, Wilbur Bear, Geo. W. Frank, Earl Miller and Geo. 
Austermuhle, all of Madison. 

In the drive of January, 1918, township canvassers were: 
Graham, Mrs. Hiram Foster ; Hanover, Miss Jennie Lee ; Lan- 
caster, Miss Agnes Wilson; Madison, Howard Douglas and 
C. G. Boerner; Milton, Albert Rogers and Clifford McKay; 
Monroe, John Paugh ; Republican, Mrs. Ora Fuelling ; Saluda, 
Dr. Robt. A. J. McKeand; Shelby, Jesse Salyers; Smyrna, 
Mrs. Walter Ritchie. 



"' \ 



X. 

BUSINESS EFFECTS. 

Not the least interesting phase of the great war was its 
effects upon the industries and prosperity of the community. 
These effects were too complex and too far-reaching to be 
traced with anything like thoroughness, but the obvious, 
more immediate results may be noted. 

Conspicuous among the war industries and of especial 
interest at the time because the money involved was directly 
distributed to local workers was the government sewing for 
the Jeffersonville station. According to a report of the Com- 
mercial Club, to Mr. J. E. Crozier, the mayor of Madison, 
belonged "the credit for the splendid new enterprise." Mr. 
Crozier secured the work from the depot quartermaster and 
the material and garments were for some time hauled back 
and forth by trucks between Jeffersonville and Madison. The 
advantage offered by this sewing was that women could take 
it to their own homes and work at their convenience. 

There was some trouble at first in getting as many work- 
ers as were wanted, especially in the city of Madison and at 
Milton, across the river, but in time these increased to over 
two thousand, partly due to Mayor Crozier's soliciting. The 
headquarters at the city hall became one of the busiest places 
in the city with its daily throngs receiving material or deliv- 
ering finished garments. The output of these sewers amount- 
ed to many thousands of articles, and the wages paid out 
averaged, in 1917, $8,512, and in 1918, $13,209.17 per month. 
The papers have frequent notices of huge truck loads of fin- 
ished goods shipped to Jeffersonville, and we have an account 
of the steamboat Catherine, "loaded to the guards" with ap- 
proximately 3,000 bundles of garments. 

In March, 1918, through the efforts of Mr. Crozier back- 
ed by the Commercial Club a sub-station was established at 
Madison which facilitated the industry. The report on which 
we draw for the above affirms that "as a business proposition 

§2. 



Business Effects. 

the government sub-station was one of the biggest things 
brought to Madison in recent years." 

The annual reports of the Commercial Club throw further 
light on the business conditions of the community. Much 
money found its way into the county and merchants reported 
trade as active throughout the war period, while factories 
were running full capacity, a number of them stimulated by 
war orders. The large demand for food stuffs and the con- 
sequent high prices enhanced land values and created a brisk 
real estate trade in farms. The agricultural propaganda re- 
sulted, for one thing, in a banner wheat crop for 1918, and 
the phenomenal prices for tobacco caused a great expansion 
in the crop that found its way to the Madison warehouses. An 
estimated value of the sales for 1918 put it at more than $2,- 
000,000, and this was duplicated in 1919. It is stated that in 
1917 the aggregate deposits of the local banks and trust com- 
panies increased several hundred thousands of dollars, and 
this evidence of prosperity has continued. 

On the other hand there were certain social and indus- 
trial detriments arising from the war conditions. Along with 
the increased business and the removal from the county of 
approximately 700 young men for military service went a 
scarcity of labor. From the beginning to the present the cost 
of living has steadily increased to the hardship of many whose 
incomes have not correspondingly increased. 

The interference with the normal coal trade worked hard- 
ships alike on dealers and consumers, and, so far as can be 
seen, had no compensating features. On account of the high 
price of materials and the diverting of energy to the "essen- 
tial" industries building was virtually suspended and road 
improvement much retarded. 

In the way of industrial stimulus, several businesses se- 
cured war orders. The Bear Brothers' Lumber Company re- 
ceived an order for 3,000,000 tent pegs and other orders for 
tree nails, or locust pins, used in ship building, to the number 
of eight or ten millions, these war orders affording employ- 
es. 



Jefiferson County in the World War. 

ment to about four times as many men as the pre-war work. 

The Schofield Woolen mill filled orders aggregating 40,- 
000 army blankets. As the pre-war work was discontinued 
this did not involve an increase of the working force. 

The flour mill of the W. Trow Company furnished flour 
to the United States Food Administration to the amount of 
58 car loads, or 21,000 barrels. The Taylor-Hitz Flouring 
Company supplied 2,850 barrels. The statement of these Arms 
is that while the government restriction of prices was a hand- 
icap to business the war period was, on the whole, one of pros- 
perity. 

The wholesale groceries of Cofield-Barber and The E. E. 
Scott Company agree in the statement that on account of the 
government regulation of prices their business suffered. 
They were restricted to 10 '^ margin on the commodities hand- 
led; it took Sy2% to conduct the business, and this left 1V^% 
net profit. On sugar the profit was 25 cents per hundred- 
weight. 

The Tower Manufacturing tack factory was devoted to 
the making of hob nails for shoes, first for the French gov- 
ernment, then, after April, 1917, for the United States. After 
the latter date the factory ran thirteen and one-half hours 
per day, producing each day eighteen to twenty thousand 
nails, the aggregrate output being about 3,000 tons. The 
cessation of war activities left them with two carloads of nails 
on hand and something like 300 tons of hobnail plate — enough 
to supply their normal demand for sixty years. Fortunate- 
ly for them the steel strike made a market for this overplus. 
There was little increase in the number of employes, the nor- 
mal domestic work being suspended during the war work. 

The Columbus Handle and Tool Company supplied the 
sawed material for tree-nails or ship pins of hickory and lo- 
cust to the amount of about 60 carloads. The normal work 
was suspended, and there was little increase of the working 
force. 

The Thomas Graham Company spoke factory filled order* 

64. 



Business Effects. 

for spokes and felloes for artillery carriages and escort wag- 
ons to the number of about 29,000 wheels. For 18 months 
the business was 95?' government work, and the number of 
employes was practically doubled. 

The Geo. J. Hummell and Ben. Schroeder saddle-tree 
factories both filled government orders for saddle-trees, both 
direct and by sub-contracts. The Hummells made 8,000 or 
10,000 altogether during the war, most of which went to 
Louisville, where they were made up into saddles. The in- 
crease of employes over pre-war times was to 25 as against 
15. The Schroeder factory made between 4,000 and 5,000 
trees, and the working force was increased from 5 to 15 men. 

ECONOIMIC AFTBRMATir. 

The economic aftermath of the war has been so phenom- 
enal that it calls for comment, although the causes are so in- 
tangible that any analysis of the situation must be colored 
largely by individual opinion with which others might not 
agree. 

Briefly, the facts seem to be that the unprecedented 
disturbance arising from the withdrawal of such vast num- 
bers of men from industrial pursuits and the substituting of 
war industries for those that make for the maintenance of 
life, has disarranged economic laws as never before, and the 
disturbance has been so profound that now, after the armies 
of soldiers have returned to the pursuits of peace the eco- 
nomic world seems running in purposeless chaos like a wild 
sea after the lashing of the tempest. 

Everything is in a state of reaction. The sublime hero- 
ism to which the nation was keyed up when aroused by the 
outrages of the unspeakable Hun — the stupendous outpour- 
ing of money and of personal service given without stint, is 
followed by a universal scramble for money in which the 
thought for others is, apparently, wholly swallowed up by 
the thought of self. The conspicuous sin of the day is the 
one known as "profiteering" or the wringing of gain to the 

65 



Jefferson County in the 'World War. 

uttermost from every opportunity. A curious psychological 
element has been a feeder to this profiteering tendency, and 
it is this: 

The abnormal conditions created by the war educated 
people to demands of many kinds that seemed extortionate, 
until they virtually ceased to protest because to protest was 
useless. Those whose first business was to make a profit off 
their fellows were quick to take advantage of this enforced 
acquiescence and exploit it to the utmost with an ever-in- 
creasing pressure of the screw. The public to the present day 
is bled white for the necessities of life, and only those escape 
the hardship of it who can profiteer in' turn. Hence all along 
the line, from the unskilled laborer to the expert and special- 
ist the situation is worked for all it will yield. Money comes 
easy and goes easy, the extravagance of all classes is a mat- 
ter of common note, and the pendulum has not yet turned f"' 
the backward stroke. 

In these nation-wide conditions the extremes are not 
found in a ouiet section like Jefferson Countv. but the eddies 
of the swirling waters reach here and one need not go abroad 
to find, at least in the milder forms, the evils of a society 
thrown out of equilibrium. 

XL 
ADDITIONAL MATTER. 

VICTORY CELEBRATIONS. 

When the news came of the signing of the armistice, 
November 11, 1918, a spirit of jubilation took possession of 
the people. In Madison the Council of Defense chairman, 
William Ogden, proceeded at once to make arrangements for 
a big victory parade. Manufacturers and merchants were 
isked to arrange floats, and fraternal organizations to turn 
out in full regalia. Company K was called together by Cap- 
tain Stanton to head the parade, the Elks band supplement- 

66, 



Additional Matter. 

ed by the various drum corps were pressed into service, and 
the outlying townships were notified to attend the coming 
event. The program went off as per schedule that evening 
with everybody in town and much of the countryside pres- 
ent, flying flags innumerable and every kind of noise-making 
device that could be procured, lending animation to the event. 

Dupont, not to be outdone by Madison, staged its own 
demonstration. All business ceased at noon and the after- 
noon was given over to hilarious celebration, parading the 
town to the melody of a "saw-mill band," consisting of two 
circular saws and four men beating them with hammers. 
Blending with this in unique orchestration were the inter- 
mingled contributions of drums, horns, bells, horse fiddles 
and sundry other suggestions of Bedlam. Says the news- 
paper account: "Those who could not play (?) an instrument 
sang, and those who could not sing made a joyful noise by 
yelling." 

And thus ended in an orgy of joy what the people con- 
sidered their direct participation in the World War; the joy 
being the measure of their relief from an incubus that had 
weighed increasingly upon them for the better part of two 
years. 

A NOTABLE SOLDIER— CAPTAIN SAMUElL W©ODFILL. 

The most notable Jefferson County soldier, as measured 
by his recorded performances, was Capt. Samuel Woodfill, a 
native of Monroe Township and a regular army veteran. 
Prior to the World War he served in the far west, on the 
Mexican border, in Alaska and in the Philippines. In the 
European war he was several times cited for conspicuous 
bravery and at least four medals were conferred upon him 
by the United States and by the French government, the 
latter bestowing the Croix de Guerre and the Cross of the 
Legion of Honor. The United States government conferred 
the Congressional Medal of Honor and the Distinguished 
Service Medal. 

«7, 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

The official citation upon which the Congressional Med- 
al of Honor was conferred was as follows: 

"At Cunel, France, October 12, 1918, while Lieutenant 
VVoodfill was leading his company against the enemy his line 
came under heavy machine gun fire, which threatened to 
hold up the advance. 

"Followed by two soldiers at twenty-five yards this offic- 
er went out ahead of his first line toward a machine gun 
nest and worked his way around its flank, leaving the two 
soldiers in front. When he got within ten yards of the gun 
it ceased firing and four of the enemy appeared, three of 
whom were shot by Lieutenant Woodfill. 

"The fourth, an officer, rushed at Lieutenant Woodfill, 
who attempted to club the oflficer with his rifle. After a 
hand-to-hand struggle Lieutenant Woodfill killed the officer 
with his pistol. His company thereupon continued to ad- 
vance until shortly afterward another machine gun nect 
was encountered. 

"Calling upon his men to follow, Lieutenant Woodfill 
rushed ahead of his line in the face of heavy fire from the 
nest, and when several of the enemy appeared above the 
nest he shot them, capturing three other members of the 
crew and silencing the gun. 

"A few minutes later this oflUcer for a third time demon- 
strated conspicuous daring by charging another machine 
gun pit with his rifle. He then drew his revolver and started 
to jump into the pit when two other gunners only a few yards 
away turned their gun on him. 

"Failing to kill them with his revolver he grabbed a 
pick lying near by and killed both of them. Inspired by the 
exceptional courage displayed by this officer his men pressed 
on to their objective under severe shell and machine gun 
fire." 

When asked by an interviewer how he was able to over- 
come so many opponents unaided. Captain Woodfill replied: 
"By markmanship and knowledge of woodcraft. I have 

68 



Additional Matter. 

been an expert rifleman, since 1906 and have hunted all kinds 
of big game in Alaska. I used the same tactics upon the 
Germans I employed in hunting wild animals in Alaska." 

A fuller sketch of Captain Woodfill may be found in the 
Madison Courier for August 4, 1919. 

GEORGE H. SIMPSON CITED FOR BiRAVERY. 

For extraordinary courage and initiative Captain 
George H. Simpson, a son of Jefferson County, received this 
honor: 
"Headquarters 35th Division, A. E. F., 17th October 1918. 
"General orders No. 83. 

"The division commander takes great pleasure in citing 
in general orders the courage and devotion to duty, in the 
face of the enemy, of the following named officers and enlist- 
ed men of this division. 

"* * * First Lieutenant George H. Simpson, adjutant, 
first battalion, 140th infantry, for courage and devotion to 
duty during the six days battle from September 26th to Octo- 
ber 1st, 1918. On the morning of September 29th, Lieuten- 
ant Simpson voluntarily gathered together and took com- 
mand of a disorganized platoon and resolutely pushed for- 
ward in the attack on Exermont, assisted in its capture and 
aided in the consolidation of the position west of that town, 
which position was held until the order to retire was given. 
This advance was made under heavy artillery and machine 
gun fire and required great courage and resolution to cause 
a forward movement. * * * 

"By command of Major General Traub." 

"H. S. HAWKINS." 

HERMAN BOWMAN AND THE SECOND DIVISION. 

In a letter from France dated October 17, 1918, Herman 
Bowman, of the 97th Company, 6th Regular U. S. Marines, 
A. E. F., inserts this modest and incidental paragraph: 

69. 



Jeflferson County in the World War. 

"I send a copy of the last citation we received. I have 
nothing else to write and that will help fill the envelope, and 
you might be interested in reading a military citation." 

Here is the citation: 
"Headquarters Second Div., Regular A. E. F., Oct. 17, 1918 
"Officers and men of the Second Division: 

"It is beyond • ny power of expression to describe fitly 
my admiration for your heroism. You attacked magnificent- 
ly and you seized Blanc Mont Ridge, the keystone of the 
arch constituting the enemy's positions. 

"You advanced beyond the ridge breaking the enemy's 
lines, and you held the ground gained with a tenacity which 
is unsurpassed in the annals of war. 

"As a direct result of your victory, the German armies 
east and west of Rheims are in full retreat, and by drawing 
on yourselves several divisions from other parts of the front 
you greatly assisted the victorious advance of the allied 
armies between Cambrai and St. Quentin. 

"Your heroism, and the heroism of the comrades who 
died on the battlefield, will live in history forever and will be 
imitated by the young men of our country for generations 
to come. 

"To be able to say when this war is finished, 'I belong 
to the second division ; I fought with it at the battle of Blanc 
Mont Ridge,' will be the highest honor that can come to any 
man. 

"JOHN A. LAJEUNE, 
"Major-general, U. S. M. C. Commanding." 

"FIRST MEN." 

Lieutenant John L. Niesse, of Madison, was, it is believ- 
ed, the first commissioned officer to be sent overseas from 
the first officers' training camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison. 
This was in September, 1917. 

Walter Carl Mundt was probably the very first Jeffer- 
son County man to be called into service after our entrance 

TO, 



Additional Matter. 

into the war. Mr. Mundt had enlisted in the navy in 1915 
and was home, subject to recall. War was declared April 6 
and he was recalled April 8, leaving Madison on thai; date. 
He was sent to the Philadelphia Navy Yard and was assign- 
ed to the battleship Vermont. 

WO'MEiN IN THE SERVICE. 

Miss Rachel E. Hoffstadt, of Madison, a graduate from 
Hanover College and the University of Chicago, was among 
the first women to enter the U. S. service. At Base Hospital, 
Camp Sevier, S. C, she was for seven months head bacteriol- 
ogist in the laboratory, and also taught chemistry and bac- 
teriology to nurses at the Army Nurses' School. She en- 
tered the service June 14, 1918, and was 'honorably discharg- 
ed February 7, 1919. 

Miss Mary A. Shipman, one of whose letters from abroad 
we publish elsewhere, went with Base Hospital No. 25 to 
France in July, 1918, and served there as a nurse until July 
1919. Miss Shipman was a graduate of Christ Hospital, 
Cincinnati, and first went into Red Cross service on the Mex- 
ican border in February of 1917. After that she was chief 
nurse at Fort Thomas, Ky., then went to Camp Dix, N. J., 
where she was trained for foreign service. In France she was 
attached to Base Hospital 25 but also did detached service in 
hospitals 26 and 91. 

THE D. A. iR. AND WAR WORK. 

The John Paul Chapter of the D. A. R. seems to have 
been the first organized group in Jefferson County to actively 
engage in war work. It knitted, sewed and raised money be- 
fore the Red Cross was in the local field, making surgical 
supplies as early as January 1917, and after the Red Cross 
chapter was formed much work done by or in the name of 
the D. A. R. was merged with it. A report to the national 
society, covering the period from April 22, 1917, to April 
1, 1918, submitted by Miss Caroline Blankinship, regent, pre- 
sents the following statement: 

71. 



Jefiferson County in the World War. 

For the army, through Red Cross — number of knitted 
garments, 245; comfort bags, 10; scrap books, 20; "comfort 
fund," Company I and navy, $39.50; Indiana D. A. K. ambu- 
lance, $69.70 ; knitted garments for individual soldiers, 8. 

For the Navy (Battleship "Indiana") — Knitted gar- 
ments 60 ; comfort bags 1. 

Y. M. C. A., $55.00 ; Y. W. C. A., $37.00. 

For France — Support of French orphan;?. 15 members 
contributing; large Christmas box of clothing and toys for 
French orphans; amount contributed to Tilloloy, $41. 

To Third liberty loan, $10; chocolate for soldiers, $5. 

VOLUNTEER DENTAL SERVICE, 

A group of men whose services should not be overlooked 
was the Jefferson County Dental Association. As part of the 
national organization, "The Preparedness League of Ameri- 
can Dentists," our county association was appealed to for 
free service in "making conscripted men dentally fit." A 
letter from Dr. C. D. Lucas, director for Indiana, to Dr. J. J. 
Rapp, district chairman, included these instructions: 

"Find out how many dentists in your district will agree 
to work at least one-half day each week in this service. Di- 
vide the number of conscripted men by the number of den- 
tists who have volunteered their services for this worthy 
cause to find out how many conscripts each dentist will have 
to take care of. After you find out the number of conscripts 
each dentist will have to take care of you should address 
cards to the conscripts ordering them to go directly to the 
dentists whom you have appointed to make the examination 
and do the work for them at the time you will indicate upon 
the card. * * * j^ ^jjj necessarily require some of your 
time to take care of this work, but I feel sure you will not 
hesitate to volunteer that tim^e for this cause." 

The response to the appeal for this service was more 
liberal than asked for, work being given freely, and in excess 
of the half-day per week until the cam.ps were equipped with 



Additional Matter. 

adequate dental outfits. The conscripts were about evenly 
divided between seven dentists, namely: Drs. J. J. Rapp, W. 

A. Hanna, H. P. McKeand, P. N. Kestner, G. N. Wyman, E. 

B. Fewell and W. Fewell. A letter of appreciation from Dr. 
Lucas paid this compliment : 

"If the fellows all over the State would come across like 
you fellows did in Madison, I feel sure that the new National 
army would be physically fit. So far as I can see you have 
carried your work out to a complete success." 

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL AND COMPANY I. 

The making of writing kits for the men of Company I 
was a task executed by the pupils of the Junior High School, 
under the direction of Mrs. Florence Wooten, the public 
school art instructor. The idea was suggested to Mrs. Woot- 
en when visiting "Camp Madison" by the spectacle of sol- 
diers trying to write letters with almost no facilities for doing 
so; the pupils of the school mentioned took it up with a will 
and the result was a neat portfolio for each man, made by the 
pupils, conveniently equipped with writing material and let- 
tered with the name of the recipient. These portfolios did 
service in camp and abroad. This labor of love on the part 
of the children paved the way for subsequent interest in the 
Junior Red Cross. 

ADDITIONAL RED CROSS MATTBR. 

The money results of the Red Cross drives were as fol- 
lows: First, $3,500; second, $7,000; third, $16,000. 

In February 1917, the Madison Lodge B. P. 0. Elks offer- 
ed their home for a Red Cross shop, and it was continuously 
used for that purpose until after the end of the war. The 
Elks donated the use of the second floor. By June 1917 the 
quarters became too confined for all the work and after that 
the surgical dressing department occupied the sewing room 
in the present Junior High School building. After the opening 
of the city schools, the work in preparing dressings was 

73; 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

clone at the Eggleston School where a storage room was also 
donated, still filled with the supplies used by the public health 
nurse. Mr. Charles Cravens donated the electric cutting 
machine to the Red Cross. 

To the list, on page 10, of those who raised a fund for 
Company I when that organization left Madison, should be 
added the Red Cross, which contributed $34.50. 



74- 



XII. 
SOLDIERS' LETTEIRS. 



To some it may seem that this war history of Jefferson 
County" IS a civilian rather than a mihtary history. If so it 
should be borne in mind that, as stated in the beginning, the 
civilian contribution to the war was of quite new importance 
as compared with wars of the past. Again, it is possible to 
trace the civilian history while to follow the movements and 
fortunes of those who went into military service with any- 
thing like coherence and accuracy is not possible. Of our 
soldiers only one group — Company I, afterwards Battery E — 
left here as an organized unit that might be trailed as such. 
All the others were entrained in squads from day to day, go- 
ing to various camps, the individuals to be distributed among 
many units. They were engulfed as in the waters of a 
mighty ocean, and the only evidences of their individual ex- 
istence until they returned home are the private letters to 
their families that found their way into the Madison news- 
papers from time to time. To the editors of both these pap- 
ers much credit is due for soliciting personal letters and put- 
ting them into print, and also to Mr. John R. Inglis, wlio 
stimulated correspondence with the soldiers in camp and field 
by securing and compiling a list of their addresses which he 
kept for public reference at his drug store, at the same time 
urging friends not to be negligent about writing letters. Mr. 
Inglis himself made it his business to drop friendly greetings 
to the boys, and some of the letters here quoted from were 
in response to his interest. 

Of the half-thousand or more young men who entered 
the service directly from Jeflferson County the great major- 
ity, it is safe to say, had known at first-hand only the quiet 
rural or semi-rural life of southern Indiana, and their disper- 
sion to camps throughout the country, to England, to France 
and to ships in the navy, and their introduction to not only 
military training and the battle-front but to industries of 

75. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

many kinds opened up a great field of experience that, gen- 
erally speaking, seemed to be relished to the full. 

It has been affirmed by some observers that this was not 
a popular war — that the conscription and coercive service, 
the discipline and the petty tyrannies of small officers left 
the rank and file more or less embittered and with a decided 
disrelish for the whole business. 

The letters before us, to the number of two hundred or 
more, do not bear this out. Complaints and criticisms, doubt- 
less, would not have got past the censor, but there is little 
evidence of dissatisfaction or down-heartedness. On the con- 
trary there is a prevailing cheerfulness and a zestfulness in 
the great adventure, even in the midst of hardships and 
dreary camp routine. Read in a mass as a composite record 
they reveal the spirit of the men and the various educative 
and stimulating effects wrought by the demands upon them. 

It is regrettable that more of them could not be included 
here and that we are obliged to husband space by present- 
ing only fragmentary excerpts. The aim is to preserve all 
that are avai^abl^. in full, in the archives of the county his- 
torical society. 

LETTERS FROM CAMP. 

HAROLD MORROW. 

The following from Harold Morrow when at Camp Baker, 
down on the Mexican border is so typical of the earlier camp 
letters that we reprint it in full. 

"Dear Mother and Father: This is the first time I have 
had time to write since my last letter. We were in Head 
Springs for about four weeks and it rained every day we were 
there and some days it rained all day. We lived in small pup 
tents, not large enough for one to stand up in. I will send 
you some pictures that were taken on our hike as soon as I 
can get some printed. 

"Our hike back from Head Springs was very much enjoy- 

76. 



Soldiers' Letters. 

ed by everybody. The boys were all singing and so happy 
to get out of the rain, mud and hard work. The first day we 
traveled to Mouscoulero, a small Indian settlement just at the 
edge of the Indian reservation there in the mountains. Af- 
ter reaching there we pitched camp, attended to our horses 
and went up in the town. A lot of boys who had cameras took 
some pictures of the Indian tents, or tepees as they call them. 
There was no show there and no place to go so we returned 
early to our bunks, which consisted of our blankets and the 
hard ground. This was our bunk for seven days. 

"The first call was sounded at 4:30. We had chow and 
were on the road at six. We traveled 32 miles to a small 
town, Tularosa. The people there were Mexicans. I stayed 
up in the town rather late that night getting a hair-cut and 
shave and I also got an ice cream soda, the first I had had for 
six weeks. I retired and was awakened rather early the next 
morning by the sound of the bugle. The trip we made that 
day was to La Las, forty miles from Tularosa and quite a 
hike for one day, but we had to make it on account of getting 
water for the horses. There was nothing there but a store 
and railroad station. A train went through about 9 :45 so we 
stayed up to talk to the passengers who were awake. Then 
we went to our pup tents and it rained about two o'clock that 
night, one of the hardest rains I have ever been in. All our 
equipment was soaked and the next morning we had quite a 
time to get things in place to move out. It was a short hike 
to Alamozota. This is a place about the size of Madison and 
the people there gave a dance for us. 

^'Monday we pulled out for Alamo and the girl was there 
to bid us goodbye. She gave me some fine sandwiches and 
they sure went fine out on the white sand. We traveled to 
Salt Wells and they are only 38 miles from Alamozota. There 
was nothing there but a ranch house so we did all the sleep- 
ing we could to make up for the night before. 

"Tuesday we had stew for breakfast and a small sand- 



77. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

wich for dinner. That day we traveled 42 miles, the longest 
day's hike of the trip, so you can guess we went for the beans 
when we got them for supper. We camped at Twin Mills and 
Wednesday we headed for Toban, 18 miles from Camp Baker. 
Thursday we rolled into the old camp bright and early and 
after attending to the horses we were at liberty for the day. 
•The first thing was to go to my locker and get some clean 
clothes, take a bath and I sure did sleep some that afternoon. 
Supper and chow woke me up and supper that night was fine. 
Today, Sunday, we had turkey, ice cream, corn on the cob 
and other good things, so you can see we are getting back to 
real life agoin. 

"Good-bye, with love, 

"HAROLD." 
ROBERT L. KING. 

From Camp Cody, N. M., Corporal King writes thus: 

"Since coming here have been assigned to a machine 
gun company. We drill here in squads. There are right 
men to a squad, including the corporal. I have been acting 
as corporal ever since I landed here. Every corporal has to 
give the commands for his squad; that is not a very easy 
thing for me to do but even at that I like it. 

"We are being taught now how to kill the Germans and 
we sure ought to get some of them with these machine 
guns, for they shoot 600 times a minute. It takes two men 
to feed in the bullets. We are not supposed to get in the 
trenches with the infantry but slightly to the rear, for we 
shoot over the infantry's heads. We are stationed at both 
ends of the trenches. 

"I don't think I could have gotten into any part of the 
army that I would have liked better than this. We do not 
have rifles but will have a pistol and large knife to defend 
ourselves in hand to hand fighting. 

"There are thirty thousand soldiers here and only a 
few of them have guns, the rest have clubs, which they use 



Soldiers' Letters. 

to kill jack rabbits. When the boys are off duty they form 
a large circle and make a drive for jack rabbits. They get 
as many as forty and fifty at a time, and it sure is lots of fun. 

"We are well taken care of in this camp, there is no 
need to worry about me for I never had such an appetite 
as I have now, and they sure do feed us well and it all tastes 
good and plenty of it. 

"For supper we had roast beef, sweet potatoes, gravy, 
rice pudding, prunes, blackberry jam, bread and cocoa. 
Sometimes we have oyster soup and cranberry sauce and 
sometimes more than this to eat. No one needs to go hun- 
gry. I never expected to get such meals in the army. 

"As I know of nothing more to write you this time will 
close and hope to receive some mail from you soon. 

"As ever your son, 

"ROBERT." 

CORPORAL HERMAN E. BOWMAN. 

Corporal Bowman of the 97th Co., 6th Regt., stationed 
at Quantico, Va., writes under date of October 11, 1917: 
"Dear Folks :— 

"Received your letter all 0. K. We are still here at the 
same old place. Expected to leave before this, but some- 
thing turned up and our departure was delayed, but we ex- 
pect to leave in a few days. 

"You wished to know about my officers. Well, we have 
several and it would take some time to write about them. 
We have two captains and four lieutenants. Our senior cap- 
tain's name is Voeth. He is an old marine captain, and our 
junior captain's name is Mucleston. He is a new man. My 
platoon commander's name is Skeldon. They are all fine 
fellows. 

"As for the bomb throwing, I like it very well. Went 
to Baltimore last week. Had a fine time. You wrote in your 
letter about the boys overstaying liberty. We have a little 
trouble with that, but not much. The penalty is very severe. 

79. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

If we over-stay one hour we are liable to from 3 to 10 years' 
hard labor. 

"Had presentation of colors yesterday, both national 
and regimental. 

"We were out hiking several times lately, marching 12 
miles, with G8 pounds on our back. It is not what I call play. 
Had a sham battle after we got out in the country. We won 
the fight without losing a man. At least that is what the 
major said. 

"We are practicmg charging trenches in waves. The 
first wave is composed of bombers and bayonet men in the 
front, and the machine guns and riflemen following about 
30 yards behind. The fun of it is that the movements are 
all made at double time, and an hour of that kind of drill over 
brush heaps, logs and trenches, as* well, the commander 
doesn't have to tell us to fall out and rest but once. We hear 
him the first time. 

"Well, I guess that is about all, except we have Swedish 
exercises every morning. There are about a thousand dif- 
ferent moves and we have to go through all of them. John 
and I are both feeling fine. Will leave here next week if 
nothing happens. 

"As ever, 
CORPORAL HERMAN E. BOWMAN, 

"97th Co., 6th Reg." 
CHARLES C. TANDY. 

Initiation into the use of the gas mask is thus described 
by Private Tandy : 

"Well, we had our gas lessons last week and are done 
with it now. A gas mask is a funny looking thing. We had 
to carry them with us all the time for a week. Some officers 
from the artillery gave us our lessons and we had to take 
them out of the bag and put them on in six seconds. They 
took us over to the gas house and turned the gas on. Some 
of the boys were pretty badly scared and one fellow fainted 
before he got inside. 

80. 



i Soldiers' Letters. 

"We could not smell the gas at all with the mask on. 
We were left in there about ten minutes. 

"After that lesson, we were put back in and they turned 
on what they call the 'tear gas,' that won't kill you but hurts 
your eyes and we had to take our masks off in that. Believe 
me, I was not long in getting mine back on. As our company 
went in company A and B stood out in front and sang 'God 
Be with You Till We Meet Again," and when they went in 
our company sang 'Nearer My God to Thee.' 

"We have been naving it pretty easy of late as we have 
been going out to the hills and divide the men up into 
bunches and send messages by semaphore and wig wag like 
I showed you when I was at home. We stay out most all day, 
only come in for dinner. 

"I received a box of candy from Jesse for my birthday. 
Haven't eaten it all yet. Will have to wait till a lot of these 
nuts go to sleep to keep from giving it all away. Had some 
big birthday. Was 24 years old. Had a letter from Aunt 
Pink and she sent me a dollar and with the one you sent I 
am quite flush. We are in quarantine and can't get out to 
spend it though. It sure pays to have birthdays. Aunt Pink 
sent me a lot of clippings from The Madison Courier and I 
was tickled to death to get them and found so much news that 
no one thinks to tell me when they write. I am dolled up 
today. They gave me a new uniform. Well, write soon. 

"CHARLIE C. TANDY, 
"Co. C, 319 Field Signal Bn., Camp Sherman, 0." 

CHARLES JACOBS. 

Private Jacobs, of the 135th field artillery, Co. D., writ- 
ing from Camp Upton, N. Y., tells, among other things, of the 
gentle art of testing steel helmets when first worn into the 
barracks. "There were," he says, "three fellows behind the 
door. One had a poker, one an axe, and the other a big club. 
All hit us on the heads very hard, but we could only feel the 
jar." V 

81. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

ERNEST HAYCOX. 

Writing from Newport, R. I., naval station, Ernest Hay- 
cox tells of his experience on the rifle range. 

"I have been to Wakefield, Mass., at the naval rifle 
range. Had a great time there and good luck also. I quali- 
fied as expert rifleman, that is higher than sharpshooter on 
the expert team. After I had qualified I made a record of 
the range of getting 19 straight bulls eyes (a bulls eye 
counts 5) and 4 out of twenty shots at 500 yards. That 
gave me a score of 99 out of a possible 100. Then we had to 
shoot 20 shots in change position fire. 

"In change position you put in a clip of five shells and 
get ready. Then the target is up five seconds and out of 
sight five seconds, and in the meantime you have to shoot, 
throw a new shell into your gun and change position, viz., 
first shot prone, second kneeling, third squatting, fourth 
standing, and the fifth prone again, and go over that four 
times to get the twenty shots. I got 91 out of that, which 
gave me a score on the match of 190 out of a possible 200. 
The highest ever made on that range before was 187, by a 
marine a year ago. 

"Altogether I made $8.50 in prizes — $1.00 in the marks- 
man course, $2.00 on sharpshooters course, $3.00 on expert 
rifleman course, $1.00 on expert team match, $1.50 getting 
the highest score on machine gun." 

DAVID G. KAHN. 

Pvt. Kahn, of the Marine Corps, writing from Paris Is- 
land, S. C, thus describes the rigid drilling practiced in that 
famous arm of the service: 
"Dear Mother:— 

"I am now going on three months in the marine corps 
and the longer I stay the better I like it. I have just about 
what they call boat training and am now on the rifle range. 
I will try to give you a description of training as far as I 
have gone. 

82. 



Soldiers* Letters. 

"First we have the drill movements, such as squads 
right, and left, squads right about and left about to the rear, 
column left and right, column left and right about, or right 
in the line, right front in the line. Platoon movements, com- 
pany movements and numerous others. 

"Then we start drilling with light marching order which 
weighs about twenty pounds. Next we draw our drill rifles 
and bayonets Rifle weighs nine pounds, three ounces, and 
bayonet weighs one pound two ounces. 

"We had two to three weeks like that at the maneuver 
grounds. Then we packed up and came to the main training 
camp, carrying a heavy marching order, weighing about fifty 
pounds, which consists of bacon can, econdamon can, mess 
gear, toilet kit, poncho, shelter half, one heavy blanket, pair 
shoes, pair trousers, shirt, suit of underwear, three pair sox, 
shelter half pole, and five stakes. 

"After reaching the main training camp we drill from 
seven until eleven thirty. Then come in for dinner or chow 
as we call it. After dinner we have bayonet practice, which 
is very interesting. To know the offensive and defensive 
thrusts with the cold steel will help out over there. 

"Then we go in the trenches and practice going around 
the corners, making a thrust at a dummy just as if it were 
a real Hun. Then pass on as quick ^s lightning to get an- 
other. 

"Coming out of the trenches and going over the top is 
also very interesting, and I don't believe all Germany could 
stop a regiment of marines in hand to hand fighting. 

"After bayonet drill we have a Swedish bath and take 
boxing and wrestling lessons. 

"Then we have supper. After supper we drill again for 
one hour and a half. Then we come in and wash clothes and 
believe me you have every piece inspected and if its not 
clean you wash it over. 

"Two days out of the week we have parade where every 

83. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

movement must be just so, and this is one of the prettiest 
sights one ever saw. Six battalions on the parade grounds 
moving as one man. 

"Our chow is well cooked and very seldom j^ou hear any 
one say he doesn't get enough. Breakfast consists of bacon 
and eggs or bacon and potatoes, or hash and jam with plenty 
bread and coffee. Dinner roast beef, potatoes, navy beans 
or butter beans, hash, peas, gravy, soup, and bread and water 
or the equivalent. Supper salmon, tomatoes, gravy, rice or 
pudding, bread and iced tea. No cake, pie, ice cream or pas- 
tries of any kind. 

"Now we come to the time when we change our Enfield 
rifles for a Springfield, the one we carry over there and the 
^ind that will kill many a Hun if they are only seen by a 
marine. 

"Then we go on the rifle range where we learn an alto- 
gether new way to shoot. The only way after you get the 
position, which is very hard to get, and you swear the coach 
is going to break your arm, but he don't, and you laugh at 
yourself after you get it. 

"I will soon finish my range and let you know if I go to 
France or stay here, , for if you are not a good shot in the 
marine corps you are out of luck for going to France. I will 
let you know in two weeks if I go to France or stay here on 
the island but it's the desire of every marine to go across, so 
that's my whole desire, and if hard working would get you 
there I will not be left behind. 

TOM LUCKETT. 

Tom Luckett, of the aviation service, tells of the thrills 
of his first ride in a hydroplane. 

"My first flight, about a month ago, was a very inter- 
esting experience. We went up about four o'clock in the eve- 
ning, Lieut. Forbes driving. We glided along the water for 
about two hundred feet, when we began to rise. My first 

84. • 



Soldiers* Letters. 

feeling was that of being in an elevator, that same sinkfng 
feeling. That soon left me, and I enjoyed the rest of the 
ride immensely. We were not up very long, probably 35 min- 
utes in all. 

"You would imagine that flying is the very smoothest 
kind of riding. Such is not the case. You receive some 
bumps equal to those you receive in an old 'Ford,' due to the 
pockets in the air. When the pilot hits one of these pockets, 
the machine sometimes drops from five to fifteen feet, before 
the wings catch the heavy air again. 

"We both wore helmets with telephones attached. It is 
impossible to talk without these phones, because of the great 
noise of the motor. Flying is very fascinating and I enjoyed 
my air journey very much." 

RAYMOND FRANCISCO. 

Corp. Raymond Francisco gives a picture of the novelties 
to be found about Camp Shelby, Miss. 

"We have crossed the swamp since we've been here. In 
some places you can poke a stick down in the mud or muck 
four or five feet. Have seen some wild turkey. Quail are 
very plentiful. I went hunting with another fellow one day 
for squirrel. There were seven or eight in one tree but as the 
pine trees were so high with the gun he had he could not 
shoot them out. 

*T find the people down here still use oxen to work with. 
There's a plantation in a half mile of camp that uses the old 
way of grinding their cane and corn, which is two large 
rock with holes in for a pole, and then they hitch the oxen to 
this pole and do the grinding that way. 

"I go quite often to a little town by the name of McLaur- 
en. It reminds me of some of the western scenes in the 
movies, as the stores are frame with porches in front and a 
place for horses to be hitched and the men ride into town in 
bunches of twenty or thirty. I often see bucking bronchoes. 
The postoffice looks like Champ Kahn's old slaughter house 

S5« 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

used to look and what they call roads are merely paths thru 
the woods. I think nearly every house has eight or nine 
dogs. 

"Life at Camp Shelby is sure a busy one. Things never 
get a chance to stand still for the program is changed every 
week. Monday, this week, we got up at six a. m., took our 
exercise by running about a mile, breakfast at seven, drill 
from seven-thirty to eight, skirmish drill from 8:30 to 10:15, 
and sighting drill from 10:30 to 11:45. 

"Then dinner. At one we go over to a large cleared 
ring back of the hospital and take lessons in riding. We are 
taught to ride bare back, then with saddles and then with 
the harness on. This lasts until about 3 o'clock and the rest 
of the time is taken up until 5:30 by signal and artillery 
drill. This schedule is changed every week, with Wednesday 
"^ri RahiHflv nfternoons and all day Sunday off." 

OTIS E. NAY. 

Private Nay recites with gusto the list of good things — 
"turkey, mashed spuds, oyster dressing, olives, oranges, 
mince and pumpkin pies, fruit cake and good old black cof- 
fee," served as a feast to the boys of Camp Shelby on Thanks- 
giving day, 1917 ; the mess hall being decorated "with all the 
glorious beauty of the southern woods." 

WILBUR F. GRAHAM. 

As a companion picture to this, from the same camp, 
Corporal Graham describes the preparations for a merry 
Christmas, in 1918. 

"We are planning a great big good time for Christmas 
day. The chief mechanic has been decorating the mess hall 
for several days now and has it about complete. It is a beau- 
tiful place, has crepe paper decorations along sides and 
streamers from the center down the sides. At regular inter- 
vals along the wall are big rosettes. At one end of the mess 
hall is an imitation of a big fireplace and holly and mistletoQ 



Soldiers' Letters. 

and evergreens, hung around a plenty, All the men are to be 
given a small Christmas tree by Santa Claus, who will come 
down the chimney in regulation style. We have a splendid 
dinner planned including plum pudding and all the trimmings. 
Immediately following the dinner a program will be rendered 
by members of the battery. According to the Indianapolis 
Star I'm on for a lecture! I haven't had time to get any- 
thing ready yet, but will do something. We have piano rented 
for Christmas week and a jazz band to play any time. We 
will have it pretty lively, I think." 

CHAPLAIN WM. HEILMAN. 

As before said, most of these letters show our solders to 
have been cheerful and zestful, and inspired with the deter- 
mination to do their part, though it can not be denied that 
we get occasional glimpses of despondency and homesickne'=!S, 
and here is where the Y. M. C. A., and those other agencies 
that concerned themselves with the morale of the soldiers 
proved their right to exist. Chaplain Wm. Heilman, of Camp 
Custer, Mich., sallied forth one rainy, dismal night on a 
cheering-up expedition among the men in the barracks. 

"The first man visited," he says, "was lying on his bunk, 
the picture of dejection. Tied to the iron leg of the cot was 
a playful bull pup, whose antics could not provoke a smile 
from his owner. The good humor in the quarters was mon- 
opolized by the company mascot. 

" Too busy to go to church,' the boy said, and as he mov- 
ed languidly he let one hand dangle over a side of the cot, and 
the playful pup nibbled at his fingers. *I have to work all the 
time,' he continued, 'and I want to see something different.' 

" 'You don't need church at this time,' I said to him. 
'What you should do is to spend an afternoon with us at the 
club house in Battle Creek.' 

"After a description of a few of the parties at the club 
house the bull pup was formally introduced. His pedigree 
was repeated. When I left a cheerful voice called after me, 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

'So long, Reverend, I am going to come to see that club house 
and you may look for me at service.' " 

ELMER MARSHALL. 

Concerning the Y. M. C. A. Elmer Marshall, writing from 
Fort Sheridan, 111., has this to say: 

"Without the Y. army life would be a lot more dreary, 
unpleasant, lonesome. After supper (mess) you can go down 
there to the movie at the Y. if there are movies on. If no 
movies are on you can write either to home or to your dear 
ones. 

"Most of the time if nothing else is doing they have 
speaking at the Y. You get all of your paper and envelopes 
for helping yourself. To make a long story short you can go 
there and make yourself at home. 

"I want to say who ever refuses to donate for the Y. M. 
C. A. or any other thing that will help to comfort the boys 
in the army and navy ought to be put down as a slacker. 

"Good American boys are giving up their lives every day 
and bearing hardships while some tight wad at home is mak- 
ing and saving all he can. There should be something done 
to make him come across. 

"Remember we are going (over there) to make the world 
safe for democracy and we all expect you folks back home to 
do your part, which I think most of you will." 

MARK HAMER. 

The spirit of real patriotism that prevailed among our 
boys, and which crops out in casual sentences in many of the 
letters, is reflected more at length in one from Mark Hamer, 
written from Camp Taylor, September 16, 1917, which we 
reprint in full. 
"Dear Mother: 

"Through all your unhappiness over seeing your boys 
going to war you must remember that the great possibility 
is that all of them will come back, and that although people 



Soldiers' Letters. 

may not realize it now, the fellow who could possibly join in 
this war and doesn't, had better beyond a doubt die upon a 
battlefield. It is my own opinion there never was a more 
just war waged. None ever was more necessary if homes 
like the one that equipped me for life are not to vanish from 
the earth. I have no interest in going to war. I would rath- 
er not go ; but while men exist who believe it is given to them 
to dominate other men, some men must fight, not because 
they want to, but exactly because they do not want to. 

"If America responds greatly enough to the demands 
made on her by this war it will be the last great war of the 
world's history. I have little hope that America's part will 
be so well done as that. Probably in another seventy-five or 
one hundred years it will all have to be done over again sim- 
ply because it was not done quite honestly this time. 

"But it is possible and even probable that with the spir- 
it which as yet dominates American purpose this war will be 
fought out to the finish and the peace that shall come will be 
so justly arranged that never again will a nation be able to 
believe that it has a right to- and can better direct the affairs 
of another nation than that other itself. And men may then 
rapidly come to see that they create their own greatest happi- 
ness by creating the most happiness about them. 

"But even if the war is not so great a thing as it could 
be, it will still be a great contribution, and that man who fails 
to do his part now must live among men who will be at least 
somewhat advanced in their understanding of other men, 
and they will have little use — I mean they will find it possible 
to use very little — the man who shirks now. 

"MARK HAMER." 

LETTERS FROM OVERSEAS. 

The larger part of the letters from overseas did not be- 
gin to arrive until the war was nearing its end, but some 
were written in the earlier part of 1918. Lieutenant E, H. 

89. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

Phillips, Carroll Eaglin and Wm. Ramsey Heberhart were the 
first to be heard from. Mr. Heberhart tells of his first taste 
of war when he witnessed an air raid on Paris. He writes: 

"I guess I told you of the air raid we had the last of 
January. It was quite exciting and I haven't forgotten it in 
a hurry. The 'alert' was given at eleven-thirty p. m. and 
all the lights of Paris went out. The sirens screamed and 
the guns boomed forth their warnings. The sky was full of 
the colored lights of moving airplanes and the star rockets 
fell. The sky was one mass of colors. You could hear the 
guns roar and roar but couldn't see them fire. 

"I dined at the Hotel Ritz that evening with friends 
who were leaving for America the next day, so I went out to 
Place Vendome and watched it for a long time. Later I 
went to the garden of the Tuilleries. I went later to Place 
de la Concorde, where two French machines fell and the men 
were taken to the Hotel Crillion. President Poincare arrived 
the same time I did with his staff. All the guests were in 
pajamas and dressing gowns as most every one goes to bed 
at eleven o'clock these days. 

"A motley gowned crowd to meet the president of 
France! Such is war." 

E. C. DENNY. 

E. C. Denny, writing from "Somewhere in France," un- 
der date of April 15, 1918, thus describes an air fight: 

"This afternoon a boche machine was shot down with- 
in sight. We watched the shells bursting around it for over 
a half hour. It is pretty hard to get a plane up 5,000 or 10,- 
000 feet with shells. The shrapnel must hit the gasoline 
tank or the driver. 

"The machine got over our lines through a cloud. It 
was sure interesting to watch the machine circling, chang- 
ing height, etc., to keep us from getting the range. He 
made several attempts to beat it back to the German lines 
and safety. But always our guns shot ahead of him and 
turned him back. 



Soldiers* Letters. 

"I knew where one 3-inch was hid that was taking part 
in the conversation. Occasionally a machine gun would get 
the range and let off ten or a dozen shots in quick succession, 
faster than you could count. Through it all the boche flew 
unharmed. But at last an allied plane got above him, the 
guns ceased, and it was 'finished boche," as the French say 
to us. 

"I recall an incident of the first air fight I saw. (They 
are all alike, only sometimes the Hun gets away.) We were 
at work, doing a job in a hurry. Some French soldiers were 
working next to us. We heard a gun and a few seconds 
later heard the shell explode. Then we saw the white smoke 
and near it a plane. 

"Several French were carrying a big stone, but at the 
sound of the first shell they all ripped out a stream of French 
about as long as your arm, dropped the stone, and made dou- 
ble time for a dugout. I noticed the Americans did almost 
the opposite. 

"Not minding the shrapnel falling from the shells, 
everybody, even the sick, rush out to see the battle. But 
when the shells explode overhead, then we curb our curiosity 

EARL SNYDER. 

Of these air battles Earl Snyder writes : 

"Since we have been having beautiful weather air bat- 
tles are an every day sight overhead. Just a few minutes 
ago I witnessed a battle with an enemy plane which the 
American aviators brought down. It was an interesting 
sight to see the plane catch fire and the tanks explode and 
fall to the earth burning." 

CLARENCE SEHRT. 

Private Sehrt, with a machine gun battalion "some- 
where in France," gives us these glimpses of his daily ex- 
periences: 

91. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

"I have heard and read a great deal about open warfare 
and now I am going through it, you can't imagine how aw- 
ful it is. 

"We were in a large woods a short time ago and our 
artillery was all around us. The boches shelled the woods 
night and day. We dug in, every man had his own dugout, 
protection against shrapnel. You could scarcely take two 
steps for fear of falling head first into a dugout. 

"I am sitting out in frout of my dugout writing this 
letter and old Fritz is sending five inch shells over in front 
of us about fifty yards from here. If he lowers his eleva- 
tion I will do the ground-hog stunt. 

"You read in the newspapers how the French people 
are driven from their homes on short notice. Well, as we 
were moving up to this front we passed family after family 
running from the danger zone, and believe me it was simply 
awful to see them go by. Not only forty or fifty but hun- 
dreds of them. Some in motor trucks, some in wagons with 
their children, with probably only enough clothing and food 
to last them a few days. 

"The less fortunate ones were pulling their wagons, 
carrying stuff on their backs and on wheelbarrows. I saw 
one old woman have a wheelbarrow loaded with some pro- 
visions lying by the roadside. The poor soul had given out. 
It made my heart ache. Another case, an old man and a 
dog were pulling a spring wagon and an old woman push- 
ing it. I don't know how they made it up grades. They 
left their homes and all they had. They will probably come 
back some day but o^ilv to see their homes all destroyed." 

CARROLL D. EAGLIN. 

Carroll Eaglin, of the 103d Aero Pursuit Squadron, La- 
fayette Escadrille, writes in a similar vein. 

***** The other day a little French soldier wander- 
ed into our camp and told us what had happened to his fam- 
ily. He is fifteen years old, very small, and has been in the 

92< 



Soldiers' Letters. 

trenches for thirty months. The Huns killed his mother 
and a little five-year old brother, and he was with his 
father who was a lieutenant, until he was killed. He went 
"over the top" with his dad, and was wounded at the same 
time his dad was killed. "We are going to keep him and now 
have him dressed in an American uniform. He sure is liv- 
ing the life of Raleigh. All he can say in English is 'under 
your bunk,' and 'good morning.' 'Under the bunk' is a say- 
ing the boys here use when there are German airplanes 
about, ready to drop shells on us. This is done mostly at 
night and sure makes you a little nervous.'* 

DANA VAIL. 

Dana Vail, in the ambulance service, tells of the little 
unpleasantnesses of that work. 
"Dearest Dad: 

"Just had a letter from Grandma Vail and Aunt Fanny, 
wiuch puts me in mind that I ought to write. We're having 
kind oi an easy time now, back on 'repos,' but take it from 
me wherever there is a scrap of any kind, we are right in 
the worst of it. 

"You can't imagine how awful it is. We thought we 
knew about war when we were in that other sector, but as 
we took in different parts of the front, our first few months 
seemed more of a picnic than anything else. It is no fun 
traveling around with an attacking division. 

"We are back in a place where we can get hold of baths 
again. My, that was good news! And we've gotten very 
good quarters, too. It's a little better than sleeping in an 
old, rickety barn, on mouldy straw, with lice, mice, and rats 
running over you, bombs, shells, bullets bursting within ten 
to fifty feet from you, and waking up in the middle of the 
night to put on your gas mask. We have been through all 
that and the memories aren't very pleasant." 

CHARLES WAINSCOTT. 

Here we have a graphic picture of the battle front in 

93. 



Jefiferson County in the World War. 

July, 1918, plus some other things, including sarcastic opin- 
ion of the Hun, as expressed by an American doughboy, 
Charles Wainscott, of Co. C, Hq. Bn. 

"I suppose you will be reading in a day or two about the 
battle that is now raging along sixty miles of the western 
front. All last night we could hear the big guns and see the 
flash, sometimes lighting up the sky like a great flash of 
lightning ; and sometimes it would be a pencil of flame shoot- 
ing up into the sky. 

"These were from the 'heavies' placed farther back and 
nearer us, and all the time the continuous rumble like far off 
thunder on a summer evening. 

"There were plenty of other fireworks, too, rockets, and 
star shells — and the Germans didn't accomplish a thing ex- 
cept to give us an opportunity of ridding the world of several 
thousand more squareheads. 

"We had an air raid, too, but nothing came of it. I mean 
no damage was done and no one was hurt. As an air raider 
Fritzie is the most successful joke that could be imposed up- 
on a scrap-seeking Yank. Why, he has gotten so nervous 
since we came over that he can't even hit a cathedi'al any 
more." 

And this from the same writer, under date of August 14 : 

"It doesn't seem possible that a nation that professes to 
be civilized could act in the manner of these retreating Ger- 
mans are acting. Such unnecessary destruction of property 
that could in no way be of any use to the advancing troops! 
I could understand the destruction of grain or anything that 
could be of use to us, but they do not stop at that. I have 
seen houses which they had used in their brief stay and there 
wasn't a thing that remained uninjured. Curtains and 
hangings were slashed, pictures smashed, furniture hacked 
with bayonets, floors torn up, windows broken and everything 
that could be done to show their contempt for all laws of de- 
cency was done, — and I must say most thoroughly. 

94. 



( Soldiers' Letters. 

"Nor do they stop at the aestruction of property. The 
inhabitants of this reconquered territory who were unable to 
escape the rush of the Huns are in much the same condition 
as their property ; battered and maimed but a living proof of 
the barbarism with which the Hohenzollerns hoped to rule 
the world. 

"I tell you, dear parents there can be no peace until this 
menace to civilization is so utterly destroyed that it can 
never endanger the peace of the world again, and any man 
who fails to do his part in bringing this about can only be 
classed with the advocates of Kultur." 

JACOB THENES. 

This from Private Jacob Thenes, Co. 6., 47th Infantry; 
written August 20, 1918. 
'■Dear Folks; 

'1 guess you think I have kicked but I am still alive and 
feeling fine. 

"The reason I didn't write sooner was because we have 
been chasing the Huns for the last two weeks. We took part 
in the big drive. I know you heard about it before now. 
We took part in two of the largest battles the Americans 
have fought yet.. I was sure lucky and came out without a 
scratch. It is real interesting at the front. Something 
doing all the time. When we got the Dutch started it was 
some job to keep up with them. The boches sure can travel 
some. We are taking a rest now and having a good time. 
We have plenty to eat, lots of cigarettes and more money than 
I can find a place to( spend. We are close to a little town and 
can buy eggs and fruit. I am learning to talk French a little. 
I would like to tell you more about the war if I could. If I 
could tell you where we fought you could tell by the papers 
that we sure made them get a move on. They are not 
so much on the fight as they say they are. I know one thing 
they won't let the dough boys get very close to them and they 
are very careful about coming out in the open, for if they do 

95. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

the Yanks are pretty good shots and they seem to know it." 

R. C. HUFFOKD. 

Graphic, also, is this description of the battle front from 
behind the batteries by Sergeant Maj., R. C. Hufford, of the 
F. A., written to Dr. W. A. Millis, of Hanover College Septem- 
ber 25, 1918: 

"All in all there is something about the artillery game 
that makes it the most interesting and the most fascinating 
of all." 

"For instance one can stand beside a convenient hole 

(for safety's sake) and watch the various operations and get 

an impression of how wonderful, and at the same time how 

devilish, are the forces at play. Oif to the front are flares 

and search lights with darting stars beneath and between." 

"There are the infantry and close up organizations ; back 
of them around and behind are the intermingled flashes and 
roars of the various sized heavier pieces, mixed with these are 
the whispers of the shells sent Hun-ward and the growing 
tone of the arrivals that are bursting everywhere. 

"Over all of this one hears the various typos of planes, 
with their machine guns cutting and slashing a" each other 
or darting slivers of death at the crowded trendies below. 

"A growler comes over, someone yells gas, you adjust 
your mask, and have not missed a bit of the great activity. 
Messengers are darting hither and thither, linemen are go- 
ing out, ambulances are pushing forward, trucks are crowd- 
ing forward and to the guns with the needed supplies, for 
communication must be kept, the wounded cared for, the 
fighters fed, and supplies kept up all the time that the Mas- 
ter Dealer is shuffling the deck and dealing each man his 
card — and to many of each side he deals the marked card, 
death. 

"Gradually the noise dies down and only the distant in- 
termittent spatof the rifle or pistol is heard. The battle is 
over, day breaks, and the work of repair and burial follows." 

96. 



Soldiers' Letters. 

SAMUEL VAUGHN. 

' According to Private Vaughn * * * * "Its wonderful 
the way the American soldier fights. The minute he smells 
powder or hears a gun, why, each and every man is just a 
fighting demon. They dont give a damn for anything — just 
up and at them, and away goes the Germans." 

To show, however, that the American soldier is not all 
raw beef and gunpowder he tells of "one poor little kid," a 
French lad, whose mother and father were dead and his broth- 
er a prisoner. 

"When we first came here," says the letter, "he was sell- 
ing papers for his meals and sleeping wherever he could, but 
now my comrades and myself are taking care of him. We 
bought him shoes and a whole new outfit and keep him in eats 
and got him a room with some French lady to sleep in. He is 
the happiest kid in France now and will do anything for us. 
We call him Humpy, for he is a little hunch back and 15 years 
old. 

"He stays in at nights and reads and is learning to speak 
English real good and understands a lot more than he can 
speak. My comrade says he is going to take him back to the 
States and put him on his father's ranch. My buddy lives in 
the west and is the best hearted fellow I ever knew. He has 
been in the army for five or six years." 

JOHN W. BUCHANAN. 

Says Pvt. Buchanan, of Machine Gun Company, 59th 
Infantry: ' ^i^ ""^ 

"I have been through four campaigns and in three of the 
fiercest battles fought. The Huns have always beat it 
though. Its surely hell, but we enjoy it just the same .1 
haven't gotten a scratch but a fellow don't know when his 
time is coming. 

"One letter I wrote you was while on Hill No. 201. I 
suppose you remember something about it. There surely 
had been some fierce battles on it. Every inch of dirt seem- 

97. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

ed to have been turned over by shell fire, but the Yanks soon 
histed them off." 

THOMAS LUCKETT. 

Apropos to German atrocities, Private Luckett has 
this to say: 

"On the road to the city of St. Julian the other day, I 
saw an old lady who lost her mind. Her home is between 
the camp and Pauillac and she roams around the country all 
the day long. She lost her two sons in the war and was 
taken prisioner by the Germans. As a punishment to her 
they cut off her breast and turned her away to suffer. Is it 
any wonder her mind is gone? 

"There are so many of the same kind of cases in this 
country. It is wonderful how cheerful the French people 
are with all their loss." 

GUY HOAGLAND. 

Private Hoagland, who received a severe gassing from 
which he has never fully received, writes of his experience. 

"Dear Mother: 

"Well I just got word that the war is over. I am still in 
hospital but I am well enough to come home and that kind of 
news is enough to make anybody well. They keep us in the 
hospital until we get good and well since the war is over. 

"I will tell you things that will make you feel proud of 
me. I wouldn't tell you before. Ever since July I have been 
exposed to shell fire and have been in the battle, over the top, 
and seen some hot times. I have hiked all over France with 
my heavy pack and have sure suffered . 

"I will be proud of my wound stripe. The kind of gas I 
got was mustard gas. It burns on the inside and outside. 
I was blind for four days but my eyes are perfectly well now. 
As soon as my lungs get a little better I will be all O. K. It 
is just like a cold works, but I am well enough to come home 
any time. 

98. 



Soldiers' Letters. 

"I have lost lots of my friends over here but with the 
help of God I have had good luck, living through it all, and 
now I expect to meet you soon . 

"I don't know yet whether I will get back to my company 
or not. It is according to how long I remain in the hospital. 
Don't worry about me being in the hospital. I am better off 
here, good and warm and not exposed to any bad weather . 

•'You know how father used to tell how he had to do in 
the civil war. We have hiked from eight o'clock p. m. till 
six a. m. in a down pour of rain. Then laid down on the wet 
ground and went to sleep. Some life. Then next morning 
hiked further and dug a hole in the ground to keep from get- 
ting hit with shrapnel. At night, looked up in the sky, 
expecting a big shell to hit you and wondering if it will tear 
you up. I thought about my feather-bed at home and it 
almost made tears roll down my cheeks". 

LESTER T. LEE. 

A variation from the experience of field and camp is that 
of Lester T. Lee, of the navy, who was in the mine-laying 
service. He says: 

"We laid a barrage of mines Qtf the Norway coast to Scot- 
land with from five to eight ships abreast, each dropping a 
mine from every five to twelve seconds so you see a sub would 
have but little chance of getting through. Also after the main 
barrage we laid two wings reaching out into the North sea. 

"At first it was excitement but soon became real work; 
loading mines, steaming, watch, then coal ship each time put- 
ting on from 300 to 550 tons of coal, and in the bunkers the 
dust so thick you had to put a handkerchief over your mouth 
to get your breath; you could not tell your mate working by 
your side nor see an electric light ten feet away. 

"Then was turn to clean ship, work and more work. 
Believe me we realized we were not at home. 

"Our only danger was torpedoes, German mines laid by 
subs in front of us, or our own mines becoming loosed from 

99. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

anchor and floating in our path , or collisions in the fog. 

"One trip we kept the after searchlight burning in day- 
light to keep the ship back of us from ramming us. One trip 
the Roanoke, the senior ship of one division, ran on a rock 
and two boys were killed by falling timber, some ships not 
making port that night, but the Dizzy Quinne as our ship 
was called always made good. 

"We also had rough windy weather, for which the North 
sea is noted and cruised about for two days and nights 
for calmer weather to drop our mines. 

"It seemed Providence was with us and never failed us. 
On one occasion coming through a channel at the Orkney 
islands in the roughest weather we encountered, our steam- 
ing apparatus broke and for a short time old Quinne was in 
fair shape to be dashed against the rocks, but we made to a 
nook of calm water, and was left behind to our own self with 
one destroyer as convoy, but we were only four hours repair- 
ing and made Inverness without a halt. 

"Of course it is impossible to relate all, am just giving a 
few incidents. Now that it is all over we are pleased for it was 
real work." 

MISS MARY A. SHIPMAN. 

Here we have an interesting glimpse of hospital exper- 
ience at the front as told by Miss Mary A. Shipman, a nurse 
in Base Hospital No 25, France. Says Miss Shipman writ- 
ing under date of August 17, 1918: 

"And last night, the biggest drive of all was started, so 
an officer told us today. That means more work for us but 
we don't mind a little extra work. I'm glad to do for the 
boys, they are splendid. I love to hear them talk to each 
other of their work at the front, their trips out into No Man's 
Land, or of how some brave lad risked all, to go back for his 
'Buddy' (chum) and have him cared for, and of how they 
went 'over the top.' The more serious their condition, the 
more cheerful they seem to be and they love a joke. 

100. 



Soldiers' Letters. 

"My first day in the ward, I was fixing them up for the 
night, rubbing their backs and making the beds up, brushing 
out crumbs and smoothing the sheets. I came to one boy 
down near the end of the ward where we usually have up pat- 
ients, and I asked him if he could sit up in bed to have his 
back rubbed. 

"He smiled and said, 'Oh yes, I'm about all right, now, 
can do most anything but play golf.' I rubbed his back but 
when I went to straighten the sheets, I found his left leg 
was in splints and he had been in the hospital but two days. 

"When our last hospital train came in one patient receiv- 
ed in our ward was a sergeant with both arms broken, a piece 
of shrapnel, in one side of his head and a bullet hole through 
his right side. In caring for him I asked the ward master 
to help lift the patient. The sergeant looked up, laughed and 
said, 'Oh, I can sit up alone,' and he would have tried it, too 
had I let him. 

"All the boys seem to get on so well. We have the best 
surgeons and doctors and they do wonders saving the boys' 
legs and arms and getting them well in much less time than 
wo o'«'"r did back in the states. 

"I am well, happy and busy. Two weeks ago today, I 
ate my first meal in camp. I've been shopping in Allery. 
With an English-French dictionary and many gesticulations 
I made myself understood and it was lots of fun." 

BOYCE R. MORROW. 

Several letters describing the close of hostilities are of 
interest. Says Lieut. Boyce R. Morrow, of the Q. M. Corps, 
writing a few days after the memorable 11th of November: 

"Of course you have read the glad and welcome news long 
ago. You can't imagine the celebration such as the French 
are putting on. I say 'are putting on' for they have just one 
fete after another. No one knows how long they are going 
to celebrate and I don't think anyone cares. They surely 
have a right to all their gladness for there is hardly a family 

101. 



Jefferson County in the World War. " " 

that has not been in some way affected by the war. They 
were greatly excited and glad when the big news arrived. I 
went in a store on the afternoon of the big day and the mad- 
am said that was very necessary that she be embraced on 
the occasion of our allied victory. She was pretty good look- 
ing and not very old so naturally a fellow could not refuse." 

GUS HOWARD HYATT. 

In a very similar vein is this one from Gus Howard 
Hyatt : 

"Today is Sunday and a very pretty day. I have been 
sleeping most all morning. Read a little while after dinner and 
just happened to think of writing a letter to you, as there is 
Fuch good news to tell you, and that is that the war is all over. 
They quit fighting Monday. 

"I had a fine time when we heard that the war was over. 
I was on pass that day in a little town near our camp. I and 
three more soldier boys were the first to ring the church bells 
in the town and the French people nearly went wild. 

"We rang the bells till we got so tired we couldn't ring 
them. Everybody was in the streets by that time and we 
paraded all over the town, men, women, kids and everything 
else that could follow. 

"That night they gave a big dance. Of course I and the 
three other soldiers went and of all the good times of my life 
I never had any to beat that one. There was nothing too 
good for us boys. We danced with the French 'demozelles' 
till we were dizzy. 

"Well, I don't think there is any one that didn't enjoy 
such good news as that unless it' was old Bill. I would have 
liked to see them celebrating in the States. I guess they 
had a time also, didn't they?" 

HARRY F. SHADDAY. 

Private Shadday writes that "On the 10th of November 
we were called to the front to make a big drive if the armis- 
tice wasn't signed. 

102. 



Soldiers* Letters. 

"On the morning of the 11th we were in the front lines at 
a town called Saul, ready to go over the top with the infantry, 
when we received the message of the signing of the armistice. 

"At 11 a. m. every gun ceased firing and we were out of 
danger once again. Some boys and myself went over that 
night and talked with the Dutchmen, ate bread and drank 
coffee with them. They seemed very glad the war was over. 

"We have been working some lately but the work doesn't 
seem bad when it isn't under shell fire." 

Before closing this chapter it should be said that many 
of the over-seas letters contain animated descriptions of Eng- 
land and France and of life on the ocean, full of keen interest, 
and revealing the educational side of the "great adventure." 
Some are so well written that it is regrettable they can not all 
be reproduced here, but lack of space forbids. 

TOM LUCKETT tells of Brest, France, "certainly a beau- 
tiful place, * * * built on a high hill overlooking the water, 
which is dotted for miles with ships of all kinds and shapes 
— sailboats, battle ships, schooners, transports and many other 
kinds." "I am," he adds," seeing a great deal of the country, 
and it is all very, very interesting." 

JAY SIPE is enamored of England, which he affirms to 
be "the most beautiful country I ever expect to see,"with its 
hedge fences and stone walls, its green lawns and spacious 
parks. 

CHARLES WAINSCOTT wields an eloquent pen in ap- 
preciation of the wonders and inspirations of Paris and the 
scenic beauties of southern France, where the blue Mediter- 
ranean and the French Alps vied in their fascinations. 

ROBERT E. WILLIAMS gives an account of his trip up 
the Mediterranean to a beautiful, quaint old town "somewhere 
in Italy," and of the ovation that awaited them there. When 
the troops debarked several Americans met them, their child- 
ren bearing baskets of red, white and blue button-hole bou- 

103. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

quets for the visitors, and Italian troops were drawn up at 
"present arms" as guard of honor, and between these the 
American troops marched. 

"The streets were narrow and crooked," says the writer, 
"so we only had room to march four abreast and the crowding 
people sometimes made that impossible. Every balcony 
and housetop was crowded and we were simply showered with 
flowers. We literally walked on roses. Cries of Viva V 
America,' 'viva Wilson' and 'viva I'soldati' rang out on every 
side and one woman cried as she; thrust out a rose, 'viva 1' 
Yankee". And these people didn't know we were coming until 
we arrived. 

"I have seen parades in the States where enthusiasm 
ran high, but our reception here was the most spontaneous 
expression of good will and welcome that I have ever seen." 

RICHARD C. HECK'S account of a Fourth of July dem- 
onstration in London (which certainly seems rather anoma- 
lous) makes such sprightly reading that we copy the most of 
it as a finishing feature to this series of letters. 

This particular Fourth, 1918, says Mr. Heck, "the sun 
rose in a clear blue sky, and everything gave promise of a per- 
fect day. Reveille at 5:15, mess at 6:15, then we all dolled up 
and beat it to town. That is most of us went. About thirty of 
the boys had C. B. on the fourth and were out of luck. 

"Reached the Eagle Hut which was the center of activity 
about 8 o'clock and events followed in quick succession. First 
there was a band concert followed by a' "flag raising" dur- 
ing which the band played the national anthem and we all 
stood at attention and saluted. 

"Burton Holmes himself took movies of the event and if 
you watch the Holmes Travelogues closely, you will see my 
shining face (talcum is scarce in England) just in back of the 
flag staff. 

"Ten o'clock saw us loaded on large busses, or sight-see- 
ing wagons, ready for a tour of the city. There were about 

104. 



Soldiers' Letters. 

forty of the busses all filled with yelling Yanks. 
A battery of Fritz's forty-two centimeter guns in full action 
could not make half the noise that we Yanks made as we pass- 
ed through the principal parts of town. Passed through 
Charing Cross, the Strand, Aldwich, Kingsway, Mark Lane, 
Mansion House, Cheapside, Holborn, in fact, through all the 
principal parts of London, even taking in Petticoat Lane. 

"During the entire trip we yelled, cheered and sang in 
true Yankee style and we were told that London had seldom, 
if ever seen such a noisy, enthusiastic crowd. Each of us 
would try to out yell his partner, and to say that we made 
some' noise is putting it rather mildly. 

"Twelve o'clock saw us at the Baltic Y. M. in High Hol- 
born, where we enjoyed a delightful luncheon, after which we 
assembled in the busses and resumed our tour. Went through 
St. James and Hyde Parks. Buckingham Palace is in the 
former, and as we passed the palace the king and queen 
stood out on the balcony and greeted us, while we made the 
air ring with our cheers. 

"At three-fifteen we arrived at Chelsea athletic grounds, 
where a great army-navy ball game was scheduled to start at 
three-thirty. This park has a seating capacity of sixty- 
thousand, and it was crowded at that. It is a very nice stad- 
ium, where all the great English cricket and foot ball matches 
are played. 

"Promptly at three-thirty the king walked out into the 
field amid a battery of movie machines and handed the ball to 
the umpire. Amid the cheers of the vast crowd, the game be- 
gan, and I may add that it was the best game I have ever seen. 
And it all ended too soon, with the score two to one in favor of 
the navy. During the game I yelled and cheered so much that 
I lost my voice entirely and could not speak above a whisper. 

"The game over, we all fell in the busses again, and were 
driven to Kensington Gardens, where we were to be entertain- 
ed at tea by the lord mayor of Kensington. On arriving here 

105. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

we started a snake dance, led by an old man dressed as Uncle 
Sam ; this snake dance furnished amusement to the thousands 
of people who were watching the performance. They had nev- 
er seen anything as utterly foolish and amusing as the spec- 
tacle of hundreds of fellows in single file writhing and twist- 
ing their way over the field. 

"We had just finished this when Her Royal Highness the 
Princess Louise, was seen coming across the park, in company 
of the lord mayor of Kensington, and several dukes and lords. 
The band played 'God save the King' and we all stood at at- 
tention as the royal party approached. As the Princess 
drew nearer, we all saluted, and just as she was passing me, 
she stopped and walking over to me, said: 'How do you do, 
I suppose you played in the ball game this afternoon.* 

"It was quite embarrassing to me as I could only answer 
her in a whisper. Happily one of the fellows explained that 
although I had not played in the game, I had yelled so much 
that I had lost my voice, and could only speak in a whisper. 
She expressed her sympathy for me, and trusted I would re- 
cover my, voice in a few days ; which was very kind of her. 
She is very interesting and democratic and is a daughter of 
her royal highness, the late Queen Victoria. 

"Well we had tea, during which the princess and lord 
mayor made short speeches, and after we had finished an all 
round good time, we marched to Kensington town hall where 
we were booked for an entertainment. 

"In the hike over the 372nd led all the other squadrons 
and I was No. one in the first squad. The No. one rear rank 
man and I carried a large flag stretched between us and we 
made quite an appearance as we hiked along. At Kensing- 
ton hall we were royally entertained for several hours by 
artists from the different London theatres. 

"The programme ended about eleven o'clock and after 
three cheers for the lord mayor, we beat it, and came strag- 
gling into camp about twelve-thirty or one o'clock. Thi* 
ended the happiest fourth I have ever spent." 

106. 



MILITARY HONOR ROLL. 

Author's Note — In compiling this "Honor Roll" I have been guid- 
ed by the official record of the "Committee on Enrollment" — a body 
authorized by the Council of Defense and consisting of Messrs A. D. 
Vanosdol, Edward M. Prenatt and Walter Caplinger. I am informed 
that it was not possible to make the roster complete because a number 
of men -who belonged to Jefferson county entered the service from 
other places or were already in the regular army and could not be 
traced. The total number of names in the record mentioned, together 
with some I have added, is about 560. It is estimated that the coun- 
ty furnished! something like 700 men in addition to the Home Guard 
units, but this does not pretend to accuracy. The record in type- 
written form and substantially bound in a book includes additional 
data with each name and the whole is given into the permanent cus- 
tody of the county historical society and is available to any one who 
desires fuller information. The separate roster of Company I is ac- 
cording to arrangement of the record. Company K and the Liberty 
Guards are not in the record and were secured separately. The mem_ 
bers of Hanovei* S. A. T. C. who are residents of Jefferson County are 
included in the general roster. The Gold Star list was completed only 
after diligent inquiry, and the accompanying sketches were, for the 
most part, secured by personal interviews with the families of the men. 



THE COLD STAR LIST. 

"The muffled drum's sad roll has beat 

The soldiers last tattoo; 
No more on Life's parade shall meet 

That brave and fallen few. 
On Fame's eternal camping-ground 

Their silent tents are spread, 
And Glory guards, with solemn round, 

Thei bivouac of the dead." 

HARRISON B. BUCKNER. ^ 

Of the 804th Pioneer Infantry. Took sick on shipboard 
going over and died in France, of pneumonia, October 3, 1918, 
ten days after landing. On board ship Han-ison made 
friends with another man, Charles Browdie, and each agreed 
that if the other died the survivor would write to his friend's 
people. Browdie kept this promise. 

WILLIAM BUCKNER. 
Died of pneumonia on shipboard when on his way to 
France, and was buried at sea. His brother, Harrison Buck- 
ner, died of the same disease, also contracted on shipboard, on 
another vessel, and( their deaths were three days apart. A 
letter from Private Buckner before shipping gave his address 
as Co. E, 809th Pioneer Infantry, Camp Dodge, Iowa. His 
mother had no further information about him. The Buck- 
ner brothers were residents of Madison. 

CARL J. COOTS. 

Born in CarroU county, Ky. Was a resident of Madison, 
Ind., for three or four years before entering the service, liv- 
ing with his grandfather, James Coots. He managed to get 
mto the service when but seventeen years old, contrary to the 
wishes of his grandfather, and left his home without warning 
never to be seen alive again by his family. His letters from 
camp breathe of patriotic ardor, and in his last one he wrote 
that the camp life was "making a man" of him. After six 
weeks of this life he died of pneumonia, on April 15, 1919, in 
the hospital at Douglass, Arizona, 

108. 



Honor Roll. 

GEORGE CRANK. 

Lived for some years near Dupont. Died at Base Hos- 
pital, Camp Taylor, of influenza, Oct. 11, 1918. He was in 
the 12th Battalion, 159th Regiment, Depot Brigade, after- 
wards Battery B, 17th Battalion, F. A. R. D. 

EARL GLOVER. 

Born and reared in Madison, Ind. Was in Company M, 
334th regiment of infantry. He died October 5, 1918, of 
pneumonia, in France, though the exact place of death is un- 
known to his family. A picture of his grave was sent 
through the Red Cross. The marker is designated "K- 
1268" and by the figures 3531329, but his family does not 
know where it is. 

ALFRED HOUSEFIELD 

Private Housefield, a resident of Monroe township, and 
a volunteer from that locality, was killed in battle at Chateau- 
Thierry August 9, 1918. The particulars were never known 
to the family. His mother states that up to the time of his 
death he was a faithful member of the Liberty Christian 
church, at Belleview, Jefferson County. 

CHRISTOPHER M. HERBIG. 

Private Herbig was born, reared and educated in Madi- 
son. He was a graduate of the Madison high school and is 
said to be the only boy from that school to die. on the field of 
battle. His mother died three days before he entered the 
service. He was a member of Co. E, 47th Infantry. The 
only record we have of his death is that he was killed in action 
August 9, 1918. At the time of his enlistment he was a resi- 
dent of Indianapolis. 

RAYMOND D. HERNER. 
Private Herner, volunteer, was so anxious to join the 
colors that he managed to do so when 18 years old, contrary to 
the wishes of his parents. He was a member of Battery C, 

109. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

17th Field Artillery; was sent to France in December, 1918, 
and saw considerable service on the front, as gathered from 
his letters, but his parents have little information as to his 
battles other than that he was at Chateau-Thierry. He died 
of pneumonia at Coblenz, Germany, February 13, 1919. 
Subsequently his body was brought home and on August 
1, 1920, was buried in Springdale cemetery, Madison, with 
military honors. 

FREDRICK J. HALL. 
Was born and reared in Jefferson County and consider- 
ed Kent as his home. At the time of his enlistment he was 
fitting himself at Taylor University, Grant Co., for teaching. 
Though past the age limit set by the first draft he volunteer- 
ed and went into the ambulance service. He had passed the 
examination and, expected to shortly enter the officer's train- 
ing camp at Camp Taylor. He died July 17, 1918, at Camp 
Shelby, from accident, being thrown from an ambulance. 

PAUL STANLEY JACKSON. 
Died of pneumonia at Hattiesburg, Miss., February 14, 
1918. His home was North Madison, from which place he 
volunteered July 28, 1917, and went into the 4th Infantry. 
Afterwards he was transferred to the 139th Field Artillery. 
He was a staunch member of the Baptist church, and is des- 
cribed by his pastor as "a young man who could be trusted 
with anything." 

ELZIE LEWIS. 
Killed in action May 23, 1918. Soon after the breaking 
out of the war he volunteered, but failed to pass the physical 
examination. Subsequently he volunteered at Elk City, 
Okla., and was put into the 9th regiment of infantry, Co. L. 
In February, 1918, he shipped for France. The ship (name 
not remembered by our informant) was torpedoed off the 
Irish coast. He wrote his mother afterward that he was in 
the water three hours before being rescued. Further infer- 
no. 



Honor Roll. 

mation as to his military experience is meagre and his family 
does not know where he was killed nor where buried. 

CLARENCE McKINLEY LITTREL. 

Of Lancaster Township. Enlisted December 1, 1917 
and died January 31, 1918, of pneumonia, at Great Lakes 
camp. He w^as buried in the college cemetery at Lancaster. 

LOUIS LITTRELL. 

Half-brother to Clarence Littrel, enlisted in Canada and 
was killed in France fighting with Canadian troops. 

FRANK MORGAN. 

Died of pneumonia at Columbus Barracks, March 26, 
1918, two weeks after entering the service. He was in the 
coast artillery. He spent most of his life in Jefferson 
County. 

WILLIAM S. NICHOLS. 
Lieutenant William S. Nichols lost his life by accident at 
Ft. Oglethorpe, June 21, 1918. He was riding horseback, 
with one of the nurses of the camp when the animal she rode 
took fright and ran away. In the endeavor to stop her horse 
his own slipped and threw him against a tree, breaking his 
neck. He was a graduate of Hanover College and of a med- 
ical school at Cleveland, O. Graduating from the latter 
with the highest honors, he remained there in service for sev- 
eral years. By his associates he was spoken of as unusually 
thorough and reliable. He was in the medical branch of the 
service. 

ULYS E. RICKETTS. 

A Switzerland County boy, but also identified with Jef- 
ferson County. Soon after the declaration of war he endeav- 
ored to get, first into the military, then the naval service, 
but was not accepted. A later attempt to volunteer was 
successful. He was mortally wounded at Soissons, July 21, 

111. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

1918, and died the same day, but his parents never received 
more specific information 

CHARLES HENRY RITCHEY. 
Died at Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga., January 24, 1918, of scarlet 
lever and pneumonia. He spent most of his life in Jefferson 
County and was educated at Wirt, North Madison and Hanover 
College. Was working his way through Hanover by alter- 
nately teaching and attending school, and was taking the 
normal course when he volunteered, entering the medical ser- 
vice. It was stated by the local papers that he was the 
first Jefferson County soldier to die in service. 

MORRIS P. SAPPINGTON. 
Born and reared in Madison. Was one of three men 
selected from that place to enter the engineers' corps at Ft. 
Harrison. Subsequently he was put in the 336th regiment 
of Infantry, then in the 337th Infantry. He went to France 
and was on the front, but just where his family does not 
know. He was wounded in the foot Nov. 3, 1918. He wrote 
to his wife that he was "hit in the foot," but was "getting along 
fine," and subsequent letters made light of the wound. 
Nevertheless the foot was amputated and blood poisoning 
followed, from the effects of which he died four months later, 
on March 29, 1919. He left a widow with an infant child. 

MERRILL NORWOOD SELIG. 
Died November 1, 1918, of wounds received on the 
battlefield, though place of death and name of battle are un- 
known to his family ; nor do they know any particulars of his 
services abroad. His parents have a testimonial of their 
son's bravery, signed by General Pershing, and also a bronze 
medal which, as shown by the inscription, was "presented by 
the people of Carnegie, Pa., for Patriotic Services." He had 
been employed in a munition factory at Carnegie. He join- 
ed Company I, 145th Infantry, A. E. F. Selig was born and 

112. 



Honor Roll. 

reared in Madison and left school to go to work when fourteen 
years old. He is described by one who knew him as "a boy 
of few words but who thought a lot." 

ROBERT SHEPHERD. 

Of Madison Township enlisted in the regular army in 
July of 1916, and was in a cavalry regiment. He died at 
Fort Worth, Texas, and was buried at Brushy Fork cemetery, 
this county, June 11, 1918. 

EARL VINCENT SLATER. 

Entered the service from Indianapolis, but was a Madi- 
son boy. He was inducted June 5, 1917, and was assigned to 
Company D, Limited Service regiment. He died of influenza 
at Camp Grant, 111., September 30, 1918. 

EZRA GALE STEVENSON. 

A resident of Jefferson County for about ten years. In 
1907 he joined the regular army, served in the Philippines 
two years and was on the Mexican border about four years. 
In 1917 he went to France, where he was in the motor truck 
service, with the rank of sergeant. He died of pneumonia 
February 21, 1919, but his family have never learned where 
he died or where he is buried. He left a widow but no chil- 
dren. I ^ 

WILLIAM G. SMITH. 

Died of pneumonia, at Camp Taylor, March 29, 1918. 
His mother, who was with him in his illness states that when 
his regiment left camp for overseas, as he lay sick, his disap- 
pointment at being left behind was so keen that he cried. W^il- 
liam was born, reared and educated in Madison. He was in 
the 336th Infantry. 

JOHN WARREN. 

Of Company H, 28th Infantry, was killed in action in 
France, May 30, 1918, but beyond that his family have no 
specific information. A newspaper notice of his death 
states that he was the first man from Madison to fall in bat- 
tle. He was reared in Jefferson County. 

113, 



Jefferson County in the World War. 

NICHOLAS JOHN WEBER. 
Was killed in action June 14, 1918, in France, though his 
family have been unable to learn just where. Nicholas was 
born and reared in Madison. At the age of 13 he left school 
and went to work in the cotton factory. When the United 
States declared war he was so anxious to join the army, 
though but seventeen years old, that his father, contrary to 
his own wishes, gave his consent. He was in service in 
France a little more than a year, and one of his last letters 
intimates that for three months he participated in much 
fighting, though he does not indicate where. 

BENJAMIN DILLARD WHITHAM. 

We have little information about Private Whitham other 
than that he died of pneumonia at Base Hospital No. 10, in 
France, October 11, 1918. His home was Shelby Township. 

EVERETT CORBETT WYNE. 
Died at Camp Colt, Gettysburg, Pa., October 6, 1918, of 
bronchial pneumonia. He was in the motor transport ser- 
vice, and was a volunteer. He was one of Jefferson County's 
selected men and was in the tank corps, having taken training 
at Valparaiso, Ind., and at Carnegie Institute. When sick in 
the hospital he professed religion and died happy, with his 
parents at his bedside. He was buried at Deputy with mili- 
tary honors. 

JOHN W. WYNE. 
Died of Typhoid fever in France, Feb. 10, 1919. Born 
July 28, 1895. We have been unable to learn more of him. 

CHAUNCEY LAND. 

Of Shelby Township. Died at Camp Grant, Rockf ord, III., 
October 9, 1918, of pneumonia, and was buried at West Fork 
Church, east of Bryantsburg. Of Chauncey and Walter H. 
Land, brothers,, we were unable to learn further facts, 

114. 



Honor Roll. 

WALTER H. LAND. 
Of Shelby Township, one of Jefferson County's selected 
men died in France, November 15, 1918. from wounds receiv- 
ed in an accident. We have been unable to learn further 
particulars, beyond the fact that he had been overseas for 
several months. 

Summary : Total, Thirty. Nine died of wounds ; eigh- 
teen of disease and three from accident. 

CORRECTIONS. 
WILLIAM BUCKNER was not buried at sea, as at first 
reported. Since our sketch of him printed on page 108 the 
body was returned to the family at Madison. 

MORRIS SAPPINGTON was not born in Madison but 
spent much of his life there. He enlisted in the 22d engin- 
eers corps, was trained at Fort Benjamin Harrison, then was 
sent to Camp Merritt, where he was transferred to the 336th 
infantry. He went overseas with the 84th division, then 
was transferred to the 90th division. He saw much hard 
service and was shot through the foot while fighting in the 
Argonne forest. 

OMISSION. 
Among the speakers who assisted in the various Red Cross and 
government drives should be mentioned the Rev. G. W. Pearce, whose 
name was unintentionally omitted from the proper place. 



WILUAM CURTIS WARNER. 
Son of A. L. and Belle Bare Warner; born April 6, 1892, Stark 
County, 111. Family moved to Jeflferson County in June, 1892. 
Farmer. Entered service July 21, 1918, Madison, Ind. Was sent 
to Camp Taylor, Ky, Transferred to Camp McClellan, Ala., and 
assigned to 12th Trench Mortar Battery as bugler. Died January 
22, 1919, of pneumonia, at Camp McClellan, Ala. Buried at Mt. 
Zion cemetery, Saluda Township, Jefferson County. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 



COMPANY I. 



Arbuckle, Corbett 
Anger, Charles Howard 
Barrett, Mike 
Bear, Hayden H. 
Blake, Charles W. 
Brinson, Clifford 
Brinson, George 
Brinson, John 
Brown, Edward E. 
Cole, Philip S. 

Cope, Harry H. 

First Lieutenant 
Copeland, Edward 
Cowlam, George Sanxay 
Creamer, Charles R. 
Dalgleish, John 
Davis, Fred. 
Demaree, Howard N. 
Dillinder, Bert 
DilTinder, Henry 
Dillinder, John 
Driggs, John W., 

Second ^Lieutenant 
Eaglin, Romaine 
Farmer, Francis 
Faulconer, Lyman 
Ferris, Lawrence 
Francisco, Raymond 
Fritzler, Bryan 
Fritzler, iEdward 
Garlinghouse, Fred B. 
Gordon, Robt. C. 
Greenwood, Howard 
Gunnell, Arthur T. 
Haak, Harry G. 
Hall, Perry E. 
Hertz, Edward P. 
Hoffman, Chas. A. 
Jackson, John S. 
Jackson, Paul E. 
Jones, Bernard 
Jones, Chas. H. 



Jones, Daniel W. 
Jones, Hal G. 
Jones, Wayne M. 
Klein, Chas. R. 
Kloepfer, Herman J. 
Kurtz, Ansel 
Lawson, Hallie H. 
Long, Barney 
Moore, Lawson 
McDaniel, Clarence. 
McKay, Huey 
Mires, Peter F. 
Nay, Elmer 
Nay, Otis E. 
Officer, Wm. I. 
O'Loughlin, Louis 
O'Loughlin, William 
Potter, William 
Reed, Harry 
Richards, Chas. L. 
Rogers, William E. 
Sandifar, Otis R. 
Schreiber, Robt. J. 
Schwab, John B. 
Scott, Robert 
Smith, Elmer 
Spicer, William 
Steigerwald, Samuel A. 
Swan, Allyn F. 
Tarpy, Edward 
Thompson, Lloyd 
Watts, Albert H. 
Wells, Harry E. 
Wells, Orlando J. 
Willick, Clarence N. 
Wolfschlag, Carl 
Wood, Durward B. 
Woolford, Horace O. 

Captain. 
Wykoff, Charles J. 
Wyne, Earnest 
Z earing, Harvey J. 



116. 



Honor Roll. 



GENERAL ROSTER. 

(Field service not including Company I.) 



Aich. (Stephen Gus 
Albee, Edward 
Aldridge, Ernest 
Arbuckle, Frank Allen 
Ashby, Clarence 
Ashley, Harold 
Ballard, Harry 
Banta, Oliver Guy 
Bare, Earl Lesley 
Barnes, Dent Thane 
Barnes, Oscar 
Barton, Alve Earl 
Bayless, George Wilbur 
Bear, Wayne 
Bellamy, Harry 
Bennett, A. Roy 
Bennett, Elmer 
Bennett, John R. 
Bersch, William E. 
Bishop, Howard 
Black, Roy 
Black, Roy Denzil 
Bland, Louis I. 
Boardman, Clarence A. 
Botts, Andy 
Bowman, Herman E. 
Bowman, William C. 
Branham, Charles N. 
Brock, Ray 
Bruther, Ervin Dale 
Buchanan, John W. 
Buckner, Harrison B. 
Buckner, William 
Bumen, Howard E. 
Burress, William 
Cain, Earl A. 
Campbell, Major 
Campbell, Ray 
Carver, Samuel 
Cassidy, Frank 
Cavett, Jesse W. 



Chambers, Clarence D. 
Chandler, Christopher C. 
Chapman, James C. 
Chasteen, Grover 
Christman, Charles H. 
Christman, Stanley 
Clarke, William E. 
Clarkson, Frank 
Clashman, Ernest W. 
Clashman, Harley E. 
Cleek, Ralph A. 
Clegg, William 
Clements, Thomas G. 
Cline, Chenault W. 
Cochran. James F. 
Cochran, William T. 
Cochrane, James C. 
Cochrane, Stanley W. 
Cole, Andrew L. 
Coleman, Elmer 
Colgate, Joseph R. 
Colling, James H. 
Connor, Louis G. 
Consley, Lonas J. 
Cook, Benjamin H. 
Cooley, Dora H. 
Coots, Carl J. 

Copeland, Charles 

Copeland, George 

Copeland, William W. 

Corbin, Jesse 

Gorman, Arthur T. 

Gorman, Melvin L. 

Corrie, Ernest C. 

Cowan, John R. 

Cox, David C. 

Craig, John C. 

Craig, John H. 

Crank, George 

Crozier, Raymond L. 

Cruft, Malcolm M. 



117. 



Jefferson County in the World War, 



Culbertson, John A. 
Dean, Argus 
Debanto, Wilbur 
Denny, Emerson 
Denny, Thomas F. 
Denny, Wesley J. 
Denton, Carl J. 
Denton, Howard H. 
Demaree, Stanley S. 
Devar, Frank 
Donat, Alfred S. 
Driskell, Robert Lee 
Duncan, Carl G. 
Dunham, Edward 
Dunham, Robert E. 
Dunlap, Carl F. 
Eads, John Wesley 
Eaglin, Burton G. 
Earhart, Isaac W. 
Earles, Fred L. 
Easton, Guy 
Elder, Joseph R. 
Eldridge, Orlando H. 
Elston, Edgar L. 
Ernst, Robert S. 
Etherton, Everett. 
Fagan, John R. 
Fancher, Cortland 
Fenn, James W. 
Ferguson, Elmer 
Fewell, Paul E. 
Fewell, Robert D. 
Fitch, Hiram W. 
Fitzsimmons, John R. 
Flynn, Charles F. 
Ford, John C. 
Forister, Lyman H. 
Francis, Gale 
Francisco, Van E. 
Froh, George L. 
Gaines, William L. 
Gans, John H. S. 
Gassert, Leroy C. 
Gassert, Stanley F. 



Geisler, Louis E. 
Center, Francis A. 
Gentrup, William 
George, Eugene C. 
Gibbs, Herbert 
Gibson, Edward H. 
Gibson, Gilbert R. 
Glore, Fred H. 
Glore, John W. 
Glover, Earl 
Golay, Clarence E. 
Gordon, Howard W. 
Gray, Ansel H. 
Gray, James 
Grebe, Clarence L. 
Green, John R. 
Green, William J. 
Griffith, Clyde T. 
Grossman, Carl H. 
Gudgel, Gale L. 
Hafley, Walter L. 
Hall, Charles E. 
Hall, Fredrick J. 
Hall, Lester O. 
Hall, Oscar E. 
Halterbaum, Orion 
Hamilton, Otis 
Hammond, Bruff 
Hammonds, Angus B. 
Handlow, Leslie 
Hankins, Elmer 
Hanna, Reed L. 
Hans, John C. 
Hardy, Claude H. 
Hargan, James 
Harn, Hervey D. 
Harr, George B. 
Harrell, Rollie Everett 
Harrod, Lawrence B. 
Hartman, Ernest R. 
Haskell, Harvey 
Hassfurder, Walter R. 
Hastings, Henry G. 
Heaton, Ernest 



118. 



Honor Roll. 



Heck, Charles D. 
Heck, Richard C. 
Hennessy, William D. 
Henry, Amos L. 
HerBig, Christopher 
Herbig, Henry Thomas 
Herndon, Curt G. 
Herner, Edward C. 
Herner, Raymond D. 
Hewitt, Glenn F. 
Hilbert, Theodore P. 
Hill, James C. 
Hill, John N. 
Hill, Joseph F. 
Hoffman, Curtis 
Hoffstadt, Rachel E. 

Army Nurse. 
Hollis, Charles E. 
Holtzhauer, Joseph A. 
Holtzman, Edward 
Hood, Maurice R. 
Hooker, Verna R. 
Hopkins, James M. 
Horton, Ronald N. 
Housefield, Alfred 
Hughes, Bayard 
Hughes, ,^lifford 
Hughes, Clinton G. 
Hughes, Robert C. 
Hughes, Roger 
Hummel, Albert G. 
Humphreys, Dora 
Humphreys, Leroy 
Humphreys, Howard P. 
Hunger, Oscar C. 
Hunter, Clarence B. 
Hutchings, Thomas 
Hyatt, Gus H. 
Iddings, Frank W. 
Iddings, Harrry Guy 
Jacobs, Charles E. 
Jackson, Paul S. 
Janes, Edgar 
Janes, Herbert H. 



Jenkins, Herman 
Johann, Albert N. 
Johnson, Albert C. 
Johnson, David W. 
Johnson, James Samuel 
Johnson, William J. 
Jones, Howard 
Jordan, Frank 
Kasper, August M. 
Kegerice, Oliver A. 
Keller, Julian Jacob 
Kernen, Joseph C. 
Kessler, William H. 
Klein, Charles R. 
Klein, Nicholas, Jr. 
Kleopfer, Charles R. 
Kleopfer, Fredrick H. 
Knox, George C. 
Kreeger, John Frederick 
Kremer, William J. 
Krue, Edward J. 
Kurtz, Roy E. 
Land, Chauncy H . 
Land, Walter H. 
Lanham, Clifford 
Lawler, George F. 
Lawrence, James E. 
Layton, James E. 
Lee, Clifford 
Lee, Lawrence M. 
Lee, Lester T. 
Leep, George W. 
Leland, Simeon E. 
Leonard, William E. 
Lewis, Elzie 
Littrell, Clarence M. 
Littrell, Louis 
Lochard, Raymond E. 
Lockridge, Robert E. 
Lotz, Bernhardt C, 
Lotz, Fred W. 
Lotz, Harold, B. 
Lotz, John B. 
Lovings, Thomas 



119. 



JeCferson County in the World War. 



V 



Luckett, Thomas K. 
Lustenberger, Frank J. 
Lustig, Charles J. 
Lyle, Daniel 
Lyon, Edwin F. 
Lyon, Elmer J. 
Mackin, Lewis E. 
Mahoney, Wilbur 0. 
Manaugh, Hursel C. 
Marsh, Dewie 
Matthews, John S. 
Matthews, Vinton H. 
Mayfield, Jeptha O. 
McCarty, Walter 
McClelland, John D. 
McCormick, Orie L. 
McFadden, Frank D. 
McGannon, Frank 
McGee, Earl 
Mclntire, Larrel 
McKay, Laclair 
McKeand, Wallace O. 
McLaughlin, John W. 
McNeely, Garrett, J. 
McNutt, Ernest C. 
McQuitha, Irl 
Metzger, Herbert B. 
Millar, Robert J. 
Moffett, Clinton 
Monroe, Charles L. 
Montague, Edward C. 
Moore, Earl O. 
Moore, Harry E. 
Moore, Roy E. 
Morgan, Frank 
Morgason, Lonard 
Morrison, Charles 
Morrow, Boyce R. 
Mount, Cult 
Mount, William [A. 
Mouser, Floyd 
Mundt, Walter C. 
Neal, Roscoe E. 
Negley, Roy 



Newman, Albert S. 
Nichols, Charles A. 
Nichols, William S. 
Nicklaus, William E. 
Niesse, John L. 
Niesse, William C. 
Noell, Benjamin W. 
Nugent, Vincent 
O'Loughlin, Willie 
Parker, William E. 
Parks, Odus W. 
Patton, George S. 
Patton, William D. 
Peddie, Frederick 
Pender, Archie M. 
Perry, Earl 
Perry, Harley M. 
Perry, Lewis D. 
Perry, Robert A. 
Phillips, Albert C. 
Phillips, Clyde 0. 
Phillips Everett H. 
Phillips, James M. 
Phillips, Raymond A. 
Pinder, Richard L. 
Plessinger, Richard 
Polk, Clyde 
Pratt, Campbell S. 
Pratt, Ralph M. 
Prenatt, Francis 
Quaite, Charles E. 
Quirin, Charles M. 
Rahe, Bernard E. 
Rahe, Ferdinand F. 
Rahe, John S. 
Ralston, Crawford 
Rankin, Andrew P. 
Rawlings, Harold C. 
Rea, Earl 
Reed, Fallis 
Renschler, Clarence 
Richardson, Alva A. 
Ricketts, Ulys E. 
Riedel, Wiley M. 



120. 



Honor Roll. 



Ringwald, Arthur J. 
Ringwald, Chester 
Risk, Jesse E. 
Risk, Ray R. 
Ritchie, John C. 
Ritchie, Charles H. 
Roberts, Harley 
Robertson, Melville 
Robertson, Merrill H. 
Robertson, Percy M. 
Robertson, Raymond M. 
Rodgers, Graham R. 
Rogers, Earl R. 
Rogers, Ernest E. 
Rohrabaugh, Cecil R. 
Rose, Claude J. 
Roulett, Raymond 
Ruediger, Chester L. 
Rusk, Joseph G. 
Ryker, Clarence E. 

Sanders, John 
Sanders, Oscar 
Sandifar, Clifford C. 
Sappington, Morris 
Saunders, Orin 
Sauer, Earl E. 
Sauer, John H. 
Schad, Herman 
Schafer, Charles F. 
Schnaitter, Marion R. 
Schneider, Harry M. 
Schofield, Howard H. 
Schofield, Louis B. 
Schultz, Bernard 
Scott, Chauncy E. 
Scott, Lee D. 
Seibenthal, Louis B. 
Seiferman, Edward J. 
Selig, Merrill N. 
Server, John W. 
Server, Roy H. 
Shaughnessy, Harry B. 
Shaughnessy, John 
Shepherd, Frank 



Shepherd, Robert 
Sherlock, Haven K. 
Shipman, Mary A. 

Army Nurse. 
Shockley, Harry A. 
Shoots, G. B., Jr. 
Sipe, William L. 
Skeldon, Golden P. 
Skidmore, Joseph 
Skinner, Robert B. 
Slater, Earl Vincent 
Smart, George T. 
Smith Earnest H. 
Smith, Joseph 
Smith, Sim L. 
Smith, William G. 
Smitha, John J. 
Snyder, Earl 
Spann, Jesse W. W 
Spencer, Carroll C. 
Spry, Hervey R. 
Stanton, Robert H. 
Steadman, Herald C. 
Stearnes, George E. 
Stephanus, Frank A. 
Stephanus, Peter D. 
Stephenson, C. 
Stevason, Carl C. 
Stevenson, Ezra G. 
Still, Walter 
Stillhammer, Clyde 
Stites, Olin D. 
Stucker, Albert E. 
Sutherland, Clarence E. 
Sutherland, Floyd S. 
Sutherland, Russell B. 
Swann, Earl T. 
Taff, Clarence A. 
Tarpy, James E. 
Taylor, Emmett 
Thacker, Frank M. 
Thenes, Jacob 
Thevenow, James 
Thomas, Wren C, 



■ts£?ss 



121. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 



Thompson, Charles 
Thompson, Harry E. 
Thompson, Jesse 
Thorne, Roy H. 
Tilford, William Levi 
Tingle, Roy 
Torrance, William C. 
Tull, Roy P. 
Turner, Martin E. 
Turner, Orville 
Turner, Thomas A. 
Tuttle, Robert H. 
Van Antwerp, James 
Van Antwerp,. Jesse 0. 
Van Wye, Frank 
Vawter, Rhoydon F. 
Vernon, Chester 
Vernon, Glenn 
Vernon, Glenn D. 
Vest, Amos 
Vestile, Ross 
Wahlman, William 
Wainscott, Charles 
Wainscott, George 
Wakefield, Walter C. 
Walker, George S. 
Walker, John L. 
Wallace, John 



Walp, Lewis M. 
Walters, George 
Walters, Hayden 
Warner, William C. 
Warren, John 
Watts, Chester R. 
Watts, Fredrick C. 
Weber, George 
Weber, Nicholas J. 
Wells, William E. 
Werning, William H. 
White, James H. 
Whitham, Ben D. 
Whitsett, Graham A. 
Whitsitt, Hiram 
Williams, Robert E. 
Wilson, Oscar A. 
Winscott, Ransome 
Wolf, Carl 
Wolf, Charles E. 
Wooley, Russell C. 
Wykoff, Lee H. 
Wyne, Everett C. 
Wyne, John W. 
Young, Raebern T. 
Yunker, Leo J. 
Zearing, Wallace H. 
Zepf, Herman 



COMPANY K. 

(As submitted by Captain J. Prichard.) 



OFFICERS. 

Stanton, Robt. F., 

Captain. 
Prichard, Frank J. 

Captain. 
Yunker, Leo J. 

Lieutenant. 
Blackard, Melvin 

Lieutenant. 

Sergeants — ■ 
Crozier, Elmer L. 



Davis, Edward G. 
Furnish, Clarence E. 
Hall, Jesse 
Hill, George 
Johnson, Wm. J. 
Kremer, Wm. B. 
Monroe, Archie H. 
Morrow, Harold 
Otter, Clarence. 

Underwood, Kennith K. 
Willick, Clarence D, 



12Z. 



Honor Roll. 



Dorsey, Redford 
Douglas, William 
Duncan, Carl 
Dunn, Charles E. 
Eads, James H. 
Elliott, John Edgar 
Elliott, Wm. F. 
Fagan, J. R. 
Fagg, James M. 
Flora, Erwin 
Francisco, Lloyd M. 
Center, Frederick E. 
Glore, Gilbert 
Gray, Harvey B. 
Grebe, Clarence L. 
Green, Ralph 
Gurley, Ralph L. 
Hanlon, Roy 
Hargan, James 
Hammond, Marion 
Hassfurder, Walter R. 
Helt, Frank S. 
Hennessy, Daniel 
Hoffman, Edward H. 
Honchell, Steve 
Huck, Carl 
Huck, Edward P. 
Hufford, Francis G. 
Hunger, Robert Edwin 
Hylcord, Edwin C. 
Jackson, Wallace 
Jessup, Raymond A. 
Johnson, Albert Charles 
Jones, Edward 
Kasper, Herman 
Katterjohn, Cecil 
King, Peter N. 
King, Robert N. 
Knoebel, Ralph T. 
Kramer, John F. 
Kramer, Louis 
Kramer, Robert F. 
Lawson, Robert 



Corporals — 

Augustine, William A. 
Benson, Harry L. 
Breitenbach, Chas. J. 
Darosett, Jos. C. 
Denny, Fred C. 
Eckert, Henry Dale. 
Garb^er, David James 
Harper, John F. 
Jeffries, Newton. 
Pender, Archie M. 
Schnaitter, Marion R. 
Taff, A. M. Jr. 
Thojnas, Homer. 
Waters, Wray 
Walker, Robt. N. 

PRIVATES. 

Arbuckle, Frank A. 
Ashby, Clarence 
Ashby, Raymond 
Barnett, Raymond 
Barton, Henry 
Barton, John W. 
Bear, Leslie S. 
Bear, Wayne 
Bear, Wesley R. 
Bird, John Howard 
Black, John (W. 
Black, Roy 
Bumen, Howard E. 
Bumen, Maurice 
Carson, Paul E. 
Cox, Raymond 
Crawford, Wm. E. 
Curry, Harry* 
Danner, Albert C. 
Danner, Lloyd 
Danner, Roy S. 
Davis, Floyd R. 
Davis, George 
Dawson, Roy H. 
Donlan, Garrett 



123. 



Jefferson County in the World War. 



Leland, J. Stanley 
Lochard, James G. 
Lockwood, Charlie 
Lotz, Bernard C. 
Lotz, Harold B. 
Lyon, Edwin F. 
Manaugh, Hinsel C. 
Marsh, Dewey 
Matthews, Bryan 
McFadden, Frank D. 
McGuire, John 
Mclntyre, Oliver 
McKay, Thomas L. 
Michael, Alfred 
Mickel, Wilbur W. 
Montgomery, Allen 
Morrow, Clarence D. 
Naill, John A. 
Overton, Bryan 
Oakley, Howard 
Paddock, Frank 
Patterson, Roy 
Perry, Lewis R. 
Perry, Raymond 
Raisor, Edwin Lewis 
Reed, Dell 
Reed, Lawrence F. 
Ritchey, Albert C. 
Robinson, George W. 
Rogers, Henry Carter 
Rogers, John 
Rogers, John H. 
Rose, Alfred 



Sauley, Walter 
Schelke, Robert 
Schmidlapp, Robt. 
Schofield, Howard H. 
Schlichter, Russell W. 
Schoolcraft, James M. 
Schoolcraft, James S. 
Schoolcraft, Henry 
Schoolcraft, William H. 
Schram, Joe 
Scott, Alvis 
Scott, Cecil 
Shepard, Fred 
Sherlock, Haven K. 
Smith, Elmer 
Spivey, Clarence 
Stewart, Harold A. 
Strong, Roy B. 
Taylor, Graham 
Tharp, Aldred 
Thorn, Dale F. 
Thornton, Alonzo B. 
Turner, Louis 
Vaughn, Joseph 
Walker, Harry 
Wallace, Paul C. 
Washer, Jesse L. 
Watts, Chester R. 
Weber, Theodore 
Wheatley, John B. 
Whitehead, Goebel T. 
Yunker, Howard J. 
Z earing, Herman 



LIBERTY GUARDS. 

(Formed at Middlefork, Jefferson County. Roster as published 

by Madison Courier.) 



Bland, Marion 
Brown, Everett 
Corya, Bert 
Corya, Charles L, 
Corya, John B^ 



Abbott, Herbert 
Austin, George 
Austin, Shellie 
Bayless, George W. 
Bland, George W. 



J24, 



Honor Roll. 



Craig, J. Garfield 
Davis, Rufus 
Disbro, Stephen 
Downey, J. C. 
Dryden, Earl C. 
Dryden, George H. 
Elliott, Ayres L. 
Facemeir J, C. 
Foltz, George E. 
Green, Otis M. 
Hall, Francis H. 
Hall, Lester 0. 
Harrell, Sol. 
Hash, James 
Heaton, Alfred L. 
Heaton, Ernest 
Heaton, Everett 
Hinds, Howard W. 
Hubbard, James 
Humphreys, Elgin 
Jeffries, Charles 
Jeffries, John T. 
Jeffries, Will T. 
Kinnear, John T. 
Riser, Frank O. 
Lockridge, Perry 
Lockridge, Ray D. 
Lockridge, W. N. 
McFadden, John 
Mclntyre, William 



McNutt, Proctor K. 
Neal, Robert 
Neal, Roscoe 
Owens, Harry 
Page, William 
Parks, Odus W. 
Phillips, Arthur 
Pritchard, Milford 
Riggle, George W. 
Shinness, Clarence A. 
Singer, P. N. 
Smith, Herbert 
Smith, John G. 
Smitha, Leslie T. 
Spurgeon, Roy A. 
Stites, Graham 
Stout, Alfred L. 
Straub, Harvey J. 
Terwilger, George A. 
Thom, Dale 
Thom, Roy N. 
Wahlman, J. W. 
Wainscott, Charles L. 
Weber, Charles W. 
Weber, George 
Wharton, James W. 
Williams, Isaac N. 
Wilson, C. H. 
Wilson, Edward P. 
Yost, George R. 



125. 



INDEX. 



Agricultural mobilization, 5, 28. 

Agriculture — drafted men organ- 
ized for work, 29; increased 
acreage 29; society at Manville, 
29. 

Attorneys, volunteer services of, 

28. 
Auxiliary agencies, 2, 4 3-5 2. 

Battery E. 11-14. 

Boys' Working Reserve, 30. 

Business effects of war. 62-65. 

"Camp Madison," 10. 

Canteen, Red Cross, 57. 

Celebrations and demonstrations, 

3-6, 10, 22, 38, 50, 66. 
Company I — organization of etc., 

8-11; Letters from camp, 12- 

14; roster of, 115. 

Company K — organization o f, 
15, 16; roster of, 116. 

Council of Defense for county — 
origin and character of, 24, 25; 
personnel of, 25, 27; appro- 
priation for, 27. 

D. A. R. and war work, 50, 71. 

Demonstrations — see "Celebra- 
tions." 

Dentists, volunteer service of, 72. 

Draft Board, personnel of, 19; 

precinct registrars, 20; work 

of, 21. 

Economic effects of war, 65. 
Entrainments of soldiers, 23. 

iFinances-moneyis contributed,51. 

Financial campaigns, 37, 52; re- 
sults of, 51. 

First men in military service. 8, 
23, 70. 

Flag raisings, 5, 6. 

Food Administrator, duties of,36. 

Food demonstrations, 34. 

Food production and conservation, 
28. 

Frencli orphans adopted, 53. 

Fuel Administrator, duties of, 36. 

Gold Star list, 108-114. 



Hanover College S. A. T. C., 7, 17. 
"Home Service," 53; character of 
work, 55. 

Home Guards, 15, 16. 

Honors conferred, 67, 70. 

Honor Roll, 108. 

Industries affected by war, 62-65. 

Influenza ban, 35. 

Jefferson County Patriotic Society, 

28. 
Junior High School and Company 

I. 73. 

King's Daughters, 57. 
Knights of Columbus, personnel 
of committees. 46. 

Letters from Soldiers: H. Morrow, 
76; R. L. King, 78; H. E. Bow- 
man, 79; C. C. Tandy, 80; C. 
Jacolbs, 81; E. Haycox, 82; D. 
C. Kahn, 82; T. Luckett, 84, 98, 
103; R. Francisco, 85; O. E. 
Nay, 86; W. F. Graham, 86: C. 
W. Heilman, 87; E. Marshall, 
88; M. Hamer, 88; E, C. 
Denny, 90; E. Snyder, 91; 

C. Sehrt, 91; C. D. Eaglin, 92; 

D. Vail, 93; C. Wainscott, 93, 
103; J. Thenes, 95; R. C. Huf- 
ford, 96; S. Vaughn, 97; J. W. 
Buchanan,! 97; G. Hoaglandf 
98; L. T. Lee, 99; Miss M. A. 
Shipman, 100; B. R. Morrow, 
101; G. H. Hyatt, 102; H. F. 
Shadday, 102; Jay Sipe, 103; 
R. E. Williams, 103; R. C. Heck, 
104. 

Letters to Courier, by W. E. 

Rogers, 29. 
Liberty Guards, 17; roster of, 124'. 
Liberty and Victory Loans-per- 

sonneils of organizations, 37- 

40. 
Manville Patriotic Agricultural 

Society, 29. 
Military life, in camp and on the 

field — ^see "Soldiers' Letters." 

and "Company I." 
Money contributed by commun- 

ity,51. _ 



Index. 



Motor Corps, 35. 

Photographs of soldiers, etc., 23. 

Prairteering foViowing the war, 
65. 

Questionnaires — volunteer ser- 
vices of attorneys, 28. 

Red Cross — local begininng of, 
50, 53; drives and demonstra- 
tions of, 50, 51, 73; character 
of work, 53, 73; workers, 58, 
61; canteen, 57. 

Registration of women, 33. 

Rogers W. E., letters of, 12-14. 

Rosters of soldiers: Gold Star, 
108; Company I, 115; general, 
116; Company K, ? Liberty 
Guards? 

Student Nurse Reserve, 34 

United War Drive — personnels 
of organization, 44, 45. 



Victory celebrations, 66. 

War conference at Madison, 30. 

War declared — demonstrations, 
in Jefferson County, 3-6. 

War library campaign, 43. 

War Saving Stamps — drastic cam- 
paign, 40 — 42. 

Woman's Section, Council of De- 
fense, 27; report of, 31-35. 

Women in the service, 71. 

Woodfill, Samuel, notable soldier, 
67. 

World War, distinctive character 
of, 1. 

y. M. C. A., 43; drives and com- 
mittees, 47, 48. 

Y. W. C. A., drive, 49; character 
of Work, 49. 



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